2 Samuel 10:16

וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח הֲדַדְעֶ֗זֶר וַיֹּצֵ֤א אֶת־אֲרָם֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ מֵעֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֔ר וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ חֵילָ֑ם וְשֹׁובַ֛ךְ שַׂר־צְבָ֥א הֲדַדְעֶ֖זֶר לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃

And Hadadʿezer sent, and he brought out Aram that was beyond the River, and they came—his army—and Shovakh, the commander of the army of Hadadʿezer, was before them.

Morphology

1. וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח (vayyishlaḥ) – Root: שלח (shalaḥ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And [he] sent”; Notes: Refers to Hadadʿezer initiating the military movement.
2. הֲדַדְעֶ֗זֶר (Hadadʿezer) – Root: הדדעזר (Hadadʿezer); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Hadadʿezer”; Notes: Aramean king opposing Yisraʾel.
3. וַיֹּצֵ֤א (vayyotseʾ) – Root: יצא (yatsaʾ); Form: Hifil wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he brought out”; Notes: Causative: Hadadʿezer led out or summoned his troops.
4. אֶת־אֲרָם֙ (et-Aram) – Root: ארם (Aram); Form: Definite direct object marker + proper noun; Translation: “Aram”; Notes: Refers to Aramean forces.
5. אֲשֶׁר֙ (asher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause.
6. מֵעֵ֣בֶר (meʿever) – Root: עבר (ʿeber); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “from beyond”; Notes: Indicates geographic origin.
7. הַנָּהָ֔ר (ha-nahar) – Root: נהר (nahar); Form: Noun masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the River”; Notes: Likely the Euphrates.
8. וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ (vayyavoʾu) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they came”; Notes: Aram’s forces arrive.
9. חֵילָ֑ם (ḥeilam) – Root: חיל (ḥayil); Form: Noun masculine singular + 3rd person plural suffix; Translation: “their army”; Notes: Refers to the military force accompanying them.
10. וְשֹׁובַ֛ךְ (ve-Shovakh) – Root: שׁובך (Shovakh); Form: Conjunction + proper noun; Translation: “and Shovakh”; Notes: Name of the general commanding Aram’s army.
11. שַׂר־צְבָ֥א (sar-tseva) – Root: שר (sar), צבא (tseva); Form: Construct noun + noun masculine singular; Translation: “commander of the army”; Notes: Title of military leadership.
12. הֲדַדְעֶ֖זֶר (Hadadʿezer) – Root: הדדעזר (Hadadʿezer); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Hadadʿezer”; Notes: Possessor of the army; genitive relationship.
13. לִפְנֵיהֶֽם (lifneihem) – Root: פנה (panah); Form: Preposition + plural pronominal suffix; Translation: “before them”; Notes: Shovakh was leading the formation.