2 Samuel 22:1

וַיְדַבֵּ֤ר דָּוִד֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֖י הַשִּׁירָ֣ה הַזֹּ֑את בְּיֹום֩ הִצִּ֨יל יְהוָ֥ה אֹתֹ֛ו מִכַּ֥ף כָּל־אֹיְבָ֖יו וּמִכַּ֥ף שָׁאֽוּל׃

And Dawid spoke to YHWH the words of this song on the day that YHWH delivered him from the hand of all his enemies and from the hand of Shaʾul.

Morphology

1. וַיְדַבֵּר (vayyədabber) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Piel wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he spoke”; Notes: Piel intensifies the act of speaking, indicating a formal or poetic utterance.
2. דָּוִד (Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: The subject of the sentence.
3. לַיהוָה (la-YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Preposition + proper noun with definite article; Translation: “to YHWH”; Notes: Indicates the audience of the speech or song.
4. אֶת־דִּבְרֵי (et-divrei) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Direct object marker + construct plural masculine noun; Translation: “the words of”; Notes: Object of “spoke.”
5. הַשִּׁירָה (ha-shirah) – Root: שיר (shir); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the song”; Notes: Refers to a poetic or musical composition of praise.
6. הַזֹּאת (ha-zot) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative pronoun feminine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Modifies “song.”
7. בְּיֹום (be-yom) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “on the day”; Notes: Temporal phrase introducing the occasion.
8. הִצִּיל (hitsil) – Root: נצל (natsal); Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “delivered”; Notes: Describes YHWH’s act of rescue.
9. יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Subject of the verb “delivered.”
10. אֹתֹו (oto) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object pronoun 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “him”; Notes: Refers to Dawid.
11. מִכַּף (mi-kaf) – Root: כף (kaf); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “from the hand of”; Notes: A metaphor for control or power.
12. כָּל־אֹיְבָיו (kol-ʾoyevav) – Root: כל (kol), אויב (ʾoyev); Form: Noun + masculine plural noun with 3ms suffix; Translation: “all his enemies”; Notes: Comprehensive reference to Dawid’s adversaries.
13. וּמִכַּף (u-mi-kaf) – Root: כף (kaf); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and from the hand of”; Notes: Repetition reinforces extent of deliverance.
14. שָׁאוּל (Shaʾul) – Root: שׁאל (shaʾal); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Shaʾul”; Notes: The first king of Yisraʾel and Dawid’s former persecutor.