גַּם־אֶתְמֹ֣ול גַּם־שִׁלְשֹׁ֗ום בִּהְיֹ֨ות שָׁא֥וּל מֶ֨לֶךְ֙ עָלֵ֔ינוּ אַתָּ֗ה הָיִיתָ מוֹצִיא וּמֵבִיא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה לְךָ֗ אַתָּ֨ה תִרְעֶ֤ה אֶת־עַמִּי֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאַתָּ֛ה תִּהְיֶ֥ה לְנָגִ֖יד עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
Both yesterday and the day before, when Shaʾul was king over us, it was you who brought out and brought in Yisraʾel. And YHWH said to you, ‘You shall shepherd My people Yisraʾel, and you shall be ruler over Yisraʾel.’”
Morphology
- גַּם־אֶתְמֹ֣ול (gam-etmol) – Root: אתמול; Form: Adverb with emphatic particle; Translation: “also yesterday”; Notes: Refers to past time emphatically.
- גַּם־שִׁלְשֹׁ֗ום (gam-shilshom) – Root: שׁלשׁם; Form: Adverb with emphatic particle; Translation: “also the day before yesterday”; Notes: Parallel to previous adverb for emphasis.
- בִּהְיֹ֨ות (biheyot) – Root: היה; Form: Preposition + infinitive construct; Translation: “when was”; Notes: Temporal clause introducer.
- שָׁא֥וּל (Shaʾul) – Root: שאול; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Shaʾul”; Notes: Former king of Yisraʾel.
- מֶ֨לֶךְ֙ (melekh) – Root: מלך; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “king”; Notes: Predicate of Shaʾul.
- עָלֵ֔ינוּ (ʿaleinu) – Root: על; Form: Preposition + 1cp suffix; Translation: “over us”; Notes: Indicates kingship over the people.
- אַתָּ֗ה (attah) – Root: אתה; Form: Pronoun 2ms; Translation: “you”; Notes: Subject of the following verbs.
- הָיִיתָ (hayita) – Root: היה; Form: Qal perfect 2ms; Translation: “you were”; Notes: Past action.
- מוֹצִיא (motsi) – Root: יצא; Form: Hifil participle masculine singular; Translation: “bringing out”; Notes: Describes military leadership.
- וּמֵבִיא (umevi) – Root: בוא; Form: Hifil participle masculine singular; Translation: “bringing in”; Notes: Parallel action to motsi.
- אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל (et-Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל; Form: Direct object marker + proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Object of motsi and mevi.
- וַיֹּ֨אמֶר (vayyoʾmer) – Root: אמר; Form: Wayyiqtol (Qal imperfect 3ms); Translation: “and He said”; Notes: Refers to YHWH speaking.
- יְהוָ֜ה (YHWH) – Root: היה; Form: Proper noun (divine name); Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Speaker of the promise.
- לְךָ֗ (lekha) – Root: ל; Form: Preposition + 2ms suffix; Translation: “to you”; Notes: Indicates recipient of the divine word.
- אַתָּ֨ה (attah) – As above; repeated for emphasis.
- תִרְעֶ֤ה (tirʿeh) – Root: רעה; Form: Qal imperfect 2ms; Translation: “you shall shepherd”; Notes: Metaphor for ruling.
- אֶת־עַמִּי֙ (et-ʿammi) – Root: עם; Form: Direct object marker + noun masculine singular + 1cs suffix; Translation: “My people”; Notes: Refers to Yisraʾel as God’s possession.
- אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (et-Yisraʾel) – As above; object repetition for emphasis.
- וְאַתָּ֛ה (ve-attah) – Root: אתה; Form: Conjunction + pronoun 2ms; Translation: “and you”; Notes: Introduction to second role.
- תִּהְיֶ֥ה (tihyeh) – Root: היה; Form: Qal imperfect 2ms; Translation: “you shall be”; Notes: Future role assignment.
- לְנָגִ֖יד (lenagid) – Root: נגד; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “for a ruler”; Notes: Denotes leadership office.
- עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל (ʿal-Yisraʾel) – Root: על; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “over Yisraʾel”; Notes: Sphere of dominion.