שַׁבַּ֨ת שַׁבָּתֹ֥ון הוּא֙ לָכֶ֔ם וְעִנִּיתֶ֖ם אֶת־נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם בְּתִשְׁעָ֤ה לַחֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ בָּעֶ֔רֶב מֵעֶ֣רֶב עַד־עֶ֔רֶב תִּשְׁבְּת֖וּ שַׁבַּתְּכֶֽם׃
It is a Sabbath of solemn rest for you, and you shall afflict your souls. On the ninth of the month at evening, from evening to evening, you shall keep your Sabbath.”
Morphology
- שַׁבַּ֨ת (shabbat) – Root: שבת (sh-b-t); Form: Feminine singular noun; Translation: “Sabbath”; Notes: Refers to a day of rest and sanctity.
- שַׁבָּתֹ֥ון (shabbaton) – Root: שבת (sh-b-t); Form: Feminine singular noun; Translation: “Solemn rest”; Notes: Indicates a higher level of Sabbath observance.
- הוּא֙ (hu) – Root: הוא (h-w-ʾ); Form: Pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “It is”; Notes: Refers back to the Sabbath.
- לָכֶ֔ם (lakhem) – Root: לכם (l-kh-m); Form: Preposition ל with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “For you”; Notes: Indicates the Sabbath is for the people.
- וְעִנִּיתֶ֖ם (v’innitem) – Root: ענה (ʿ-n-h); Form: Piel imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “You shall afflict”; Notes: Refers to fasting or humbling oneself.
- אֶת־נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם (et-nafshoteikhem) – Root: נפש (n-p-sh); Form: Direct object marker with feminine plural noun and 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “Your souls”; Notes: Refers to the inner self.
- בְּתִשְׁעָ֤ה (b’tisha) – Root: תשע (t-sh-ʿ); Form: Preposition ב with masculine numeral; Translation: “On the ninth”; Notes: Indicates the date of observance.
- לַחֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ (laḥodesh) – Root: חדש (ḥ-d-sh); Form: Preposition ל with masculine singular noun; Translation: “Of the month”; Notes: Refers to the calendar month.
- בָּעֶ֔רֶב (ba-erev) – Root: ערב (ʿ-r-b); Form: Preposition ב with masculine singular noun; Translation: “At evening”; Notes: Specifies the start time.
- מֵעֶ֣רֶב (me-erev) – Root: ערב (ʿ-r-b); Form: Preposition מ with masculine singular noun; Translation: “From evening”; Notes: Indicates the beginning of the time frame.
- עַד־עֶ֔רֶב (ad-erev) – Root: ערב (ʿ-r-b); Form: Preposition עד with masculine singular noun; Translation: “Until evening”; Notes: Indicates the end of the time frame.
- תִּשְׁבְּת֖וּ (tishbetu) – Root: שבת (sh-b-t); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “You shall rest”; Notes: Command to observe Sabbath rest.
- שַׁבַּתְּכֶֽם (shabbatkhem) – Root: שבת (sh-b-t); Form: Feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “Your Sabbath”; Notes: Refers to the communal observance.