כִּֽי־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ לָהֶ֔ם מֹ֥ות יָמֻ֖תוּ בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וְלֹא־נֹותַ֤ר מֵהֶם֙ אִ֔ישׁ כִּ֚י אִם־כָּלֵ֣ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֔ה וִיהֹושֻׁ֖עַ בִּן־נֽוּן׃ ס
Because YHWH had said to them, “They shall surely die in the wilderness,” and not a man of them was left, except for Kalev son of Yefunne and Yehoshua son of Nun.
Morphology
- כִּֽי־אָמַ֤ר (ki-ʾamar) – Root: אמר (ʾmr); Form: Conjunction כִּי + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “Because He said”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the statement.
- יְהוָה֙ (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of God.
- לָהֶ֔ם (lahem) – Root: הם (hem); Form: Preposition לְ + pronoun masculine plural; Translation: “To them”; Notes: Refers to the people of Israel.
- מֹ֥ות (mot) – Root: מות (mwt); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Death”; Notes: Indicates the fate decreed.
- יָמֻ֖תוּ (yamutu) – Root: מות (mwt); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “They shall die”; Notes: Describes their future demise.
- בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר (bamidbar) – Root: דבר (dbr); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular definite; Translation: “In the wilderness”; Notes: Specifies the location of their death.
- וְלֹא־נֹותַ֤ר (velo-notar) – Root: יתר (ytr); Form: Conjunction וְ + Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And not one was left”; Notes: Emphasizes the completeness of the decree.
- מֵהֶם֙ (mehem) – Root: הם (hem); Form: Preposition מִן + pronoun masculine plural; Translation: “Of them”; Notes: Refers to the numbered individuals.
- אִ֔ישׁ (ʾish) – Root: איש (ʾish); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “A man”; Notes: No exceptions among the men.
- כִּ֚י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “Except”; Notes: Indicates an exception.
- אִם־כָּלֵ֣ב (ʾim-kalev) – Root: כלב (klv); Form: Particle אִם + proper noun; Translation: “Except for Kalev”; Notes: Kalev is one of the two exceptions.
- בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֔ה (ben-Yefuneh) – Root: פנה (pnh); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + proper noun; Translation: “Son of Yefuneh”; Notes: Indicates lineage.
- וִיהֹושֻׁ֖עַ (Vihoshua) – Root: ישׁע (yshʿ); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “And Yehoshua”; Notes: The other exception.
- בִּן־נֽוּן׃ (bin-Nun) – Root: נון (nun); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + proper noun; Translation: “Son of Nun”; Notes: Yehoshua’s paternal lineage.