וַיְהִי֙ בְּאַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה בְּעַשְׁתֵּֽי־עָשָׂ֥ר חֹ֖דֶשׁ בְּאֶחָ֣ד לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ דִּבֶּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כְּ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה אֹתֹ֖ו אֲלֵהֶֽם׃
And it came to pass in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, that Moshe spoke to the children of Yisraʾel according to all that YHWH had commanded him concerning them.
Morphology
- וַיְהִי֙ (vayehi) – Root: היה (hyh); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “And it came to pass”; Notes: Signals the beginning of a narrative.
- בְּאַרְבָּעִ֣ים (be’arbaʿim) – Root: ארבע (ʾrbʿ); Form: Cardinal number, masculine plural construct; Translation: “in the fortieth”; Notes: Refers to the year.
- שָׁנָ֔ה (shanah) – Root: שנה (šnʾ); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “year”; Notes: Marks a time period.
- בְּעַשְׁתֵּֽי־עָשָׂ֥ר (beʿashtei-ʿasar) – Root: עשר (ʿśr); Form: Construct numeral phrase; Translation: “in the eleventh”; Notes: Refers to the month.
- חֹ֖דֶשׁ (ḥodesh) – Root: חדש (ḥdš); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “month”; Notes: Indicates the time of the event.
- בְּאֶחָ֣ד (beʾeḥad) – Root: אחד (ʾḥd); Form: Preposition + cardinal number, masculine singular; Translation: “on the first”; Notes: Specifies the day of the month.
- לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ (laḥodesh) – Root: חדש (ḥdš); Form: Preposition + noun, masculine singular; Translation: “of the month”; Notes: Marks the calendar reference.
- דִּבֶּ֤ר (dibber) – Root: דבר (dbr); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he spoke”; Notes: Refers to Moshe’s action.
- מֹשֶׁה֙ (Moshe) – Root: משה (mšh); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Moshe”; Notes: The speaker.
- אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י (el-benei) – Root: בן (bn); Form: Preposition + noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “to the children of”; Notes: Indicates the audience.
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (Yisra’el) – Root: ישראל (yśrʾl); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisra’el”; Notes: Refers to the nation.
- כְּ֠כֹל (kechol) – Root: כל (kl); Form: Preposition + noun, masculine singular; Translation: “according to all”; Notes: Expresses totality.
- אֲשֶׁ֨ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾšr); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces a subordinate clause.
- צִוָּ֧ה (tsivvah) – Root: צוה (tswh); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “commanded”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s instructions.
- יְהוָ֛ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (yhwh); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The divine name.
- אֹתֹ֖ו (oto) – Root: את (ʾt); Form: Direct object marker + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “him”; Notes: Refers to Moshe.
- אֲלֵהֶֽם׃ (alehem) – Root: אל (ʾl); Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Refers to the children of Yisra’el.