אַל־תִּתְגָּר֣וּ בָ֔ם כִּ֠י לֹֽא־אֶתֵּ֤ן לָכֶם֙ מֵֽאַרְצָ֔ם עַ֖ד מִדְרַ֣ךְ כַּף־רָ֑גֶל כִּֽי־יְרֻשָּׁ֣ה לְעֵשָׂ֔ו נָתַ֖תִּי אֶת־הַ֥ר שֵׂעִֽיר׃
Do not provoke them, for I will not give you any of their land, not even the sole of a footstep, because I have given Mount Seʿir as a possession to ʿEsav.
Morphology
- אַל־תִּתְגָּר֣וּ (ʾal-titgarru) – Root: גרה (grh); Form: Jussive 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “Do not provoke”; Notes: A prohibition against hostile action.
- בָ֔ם (bam) – Root: ב (b) + הם (hm); Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “them”; Notes: Refers to the people of Seʿir.
- כִּ֠י (ki) – Root: כי (ky); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason.
- לֹֽא־אֶתֵּ֤ן (lo-ʾetten) – Root: נתן (ntn); Form: Qal imperfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I will not give”; Notes: Denotes a divine declaration.
- לָכֶם֙ (lakhem) – Root: ל (l) + כם (khem); Form: Preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to you”; Notes: Indicates the recipients.
- מֵֽאַרְצָ֔ם (meʾartzam) – Root: ארץ (ʾrṣ); Form: Preposition + noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “from their land”; Notes: Specifies the territory.
- עַ֖ד (ʿad) – Root: עד (ʿd); Form: Preposition; Translation: “even”; Notes: Indicates the extent.
- מִדְרַ֣ךְ (midrakh) – Root: דרך (drk); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “step”; Notes: Refers to a footstep.
- כַּף־רָ֑גֶל (kaf-ragel) – Root: כף (kf) + רגל (rgl); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “sole of a foot”; Notes: A metaphor for minimal territory.
- כִּֽי־יְרֻשָּׁ֣ה (ki-yerushah) – Root: ירש (yrš); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “as a possession”; Notes: Indicates inheritance.
- לְעֵשָׂ֔ו (l’ʿEsav) – Root: עשו (ʿsw); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “to ʿEsav”; Notes: Specifies the recipient of the inheritance.
- נָתַ֖תִּי (natatti) – Root: נתן (ntn); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I have given”; Notes: A completed action.
- אֶת־הַ֥ר (ʾet-har) – Root: הר (hr); Form: Direct object marker + noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the mountain”; Notes: Refers to Mount Seʿir.
- שֵׂעִֽיר׃ (Seʿir) – Root: שעיר (šʿyr); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Seʿir”; Notes: A specific location associated with ʿEsav.