וְזָכַרְתָּ֣ אֶת־כָּל־הַדֶּ֗רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֹלִֽיכֲךָ֜ יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ זֶ֛ה אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר לְמַ֨עַן עַנֹּֽתְךָ֜ לְנַסֹּֽתְךָ֗ לָדַ֜עַת אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֧ר בִּֽלְבָבְךָ֛ הֲתִשְׁמֹ֥ר מצותו אִם־לֹֽא׃
And you shall remember the entire way that YHWH your God led you these forty years in the wilderness, in order to humble you and test you, to know what is in your heart, whether you would keep His commandments or not.
Morphology
- וְזָכַרְתָּ֣ (ve-zakharta) – Root: זכר (zakar); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular with conjunction; Translation: “And you shall remember”; Notes: Refers to active recollection of YHWH’s guidance.
- אֶת־כָּל־הַדֶּ֗רֶךְ (et-kol-ha-derekh) – Root: דרך (derekh); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article and direct object marker; Translation: “the entire way”; Notes: Indicates the journey through the wilderness.
- אֲשֶׁ֨ר (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces the clause describing YHWH’s action.
- הֹלִֽיכֲךָ֜ (holikhakha) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “led you”; Notes: Emphasizes YHWH as the one who guided Israel.
- יְהוָ֧ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The divine name of God.
- אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ (Elohekha) – Root: אלה (eloah); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your God”; Notes: Indicates YHWH as the God of Israel.
- זֶ֛ה (zeh) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular; Translation: “these”; Notes: Refers to the forty years mentioned.
- אַרְבָּעִ֥ים (arbaʿim) – Root: ארבע (arba); Form: Numeral, masculine plural; Translation: “forty”; Notes: Specifies the duration of the wilderness period.
- שָׁנָ֖ה (shanah) – Root: שנה (shanah); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “years”; Notes: Completes the timeframe description.
- בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר (ba-midbar) – Root: מדבר (midbar); Form: Noun, masculine singular with preposition; Translation: “in the wilderness”; Notes: Refers to the desert where the Israelites wandered.
- לְמַ֨עַן (le-maʿan) – Root: מען (maʿan); Form: Preposition; Translation: “in order to”; Notes: Introduces the purpose of YHWH’s guidance.
- עַנֹּֽתְךָ֜ (ʿannotkha) – Root: ענה (ʿanah); Form: Piel infinitive construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to humble you”; Notes: Refers to testing and refinement.
- לְנַסֹּֽתְךָ֗ (le-nassotkha) – Root: נסה (nasa); Form: Piel infinitive construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to test you”; Notes: Indicates divine examination of character.
- לָדַ֜עַת (la-daʿat) – Root: ידע (yada); Form: Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to know”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s intent to discern Israel’s loyalty.
- אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֧ר (et-asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “what”; Notes: Introduces the content of what is to be known.
- בִּֽלְבָבְךָ֛ (bilvavkha) – Root: לבב (levav); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “in your heart”; Notes: Refers to the inner thoughts and intentions.
- הֲתִשְׁמֹ֥ר (ha-tishmor) – Root: שׁמר (shamar); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular with interrogative prefix; Translation: “whether you would keep”; Notes: Poses a question regarding obedience.
- מצותו (mitsvotav) – Root: מצוה (mitsvah); Form: Noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His commandments”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s divine laws.
- אִם־לֹֽא (im-lo) – Root: אם (im); Form: Conditional particle; Translation: “or not”; Notes: Completes the conditional clause.