וְלֹ֤א יִשָּׁפֵךְ֙ דָּ֣ם נָקִ֔י בְּקֶ֣רֶב אַרְצְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְךָ֖ נַחֲלָ֑ה וְהָיָ֥ה עָלֶ֖יךָ דָּמִֽים׃ ס
And innocent blood shall not be shed in the midst of your land which YHWH your God gives you as an inheritance, and there shall not be blood upon you.
Morphology
- וְלֹ֤א (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction with negative particle; Translation: “And not”; Notes: Introduces a prohibition.
- יִשָּׁפֵךְ֙ (yishafekh) – Root: שפך (shafakh); Form: Nifal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall be shed”; Notes: Indicates the passive act of spilling blood.
- דָּ֣ם (dam) – Root: דם (dam); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “blood”; Notes: Refers to the life or vitality of a person.
- נָקִ֔י (naki) – Root: נקי (naki); Form: Adjective, masculine singular; Translation: “innocent”; Notes: Describes someone free of guilt or blame.
- בְּקֶ֣רֶב (be-kerev) – Root: קרב (kerev); Form: Noun, masculine singular with preposition; Translation: “in the midst of”; Notes: Refers to being within the boundaries or center.
- אַרְצְךָ֔ (artzekha) – Root: ארץ (eretz); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your land”; Notes: Refers to the territory allotted to Israel.
- אֲשֶׁר֙ (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a clause describing the land.
- יְהוָ֣ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Refers to the divine name of God.
- אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ (Elohekha) – Root: אלה (Eloah); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your God”; Notes: Refers to the personal deity of Israel.
- נֹתֵ֥ן (noten) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “gives”; Notes: Describes the continuous act of granting the land.
- לְךָ֖ (lekha) – Root: ל (le); Form: Preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to you”; Notes: Indicates the recipient of the land.
- נַחֲלָ֑ה (nachalah) – Root: נחל (nachal); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “an inheritance”; Notes: Refers to the land as a possession given by YHWH.
- וְהָיָ֥ה (ve-hayah) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and there shall be”; Notes: Introduces a consequence.
- עָלֶ֖יךָ (alekha) – Root: על (al); Form: Preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “upon you”; Notes: Refers to responsibility or accountability.
- דָּמִֽים׃ (damim) – Root: דם (dam); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “blood”; Notes: Indicates guilt for shedding innocent blood.