Deuteronomy 19:11

וְכִֽי־יִהְיֶ֥ה אִישׁ֙ שֹׂנֵ֣א לְרֵעֵ֔הוּ וְאָ֤רַב לֹו֙ וְקָ֣ם עָלָ֔יו וְהִכָּ֥הוּ נֶ֖פֶשׁ וָמֵ֑ת וְנָ֕ס אֶל־אַחַ֖ת הֶעָרִ֥ים הָאֵֽל׃

But if a man hates his neighbor, and lies in wait for him, and rises against him and strikes him mortally so that he dies, and flees to one of these cities,

Morphology

1. וְכִֽי־יִהְיֶ֥ה (ve-ki-yihyeh) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Conjunction with Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “But if there shall be”; Notes: Introduces a hypothetical case.
2. אִישׁ֙ (ish) – Root: איש (ish); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “a man”; Notes: Refers to a generic individual.
3. שֹׂנֵ֣א (sone) – Root: שנא (sane); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “hates”; Notes: Indicates active enmity or hostility.
4. לְרֵעֵ֔הוּ (le-re’ehu) – Root: רעה (rea); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with preposition and 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his neighbor”; Notes: Refers to a fellow individual in the community.
5. וְאָ֤רַב (ve-arav) – Root: ארב (arav); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and lies in wait”; Notes: Refers to setting an ambush.
6. לֹו֙ (lo) – Root: ל (le); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “for him”; Notes: Indicates the target of the action.
7. וְקָ֣ם (ve-kam) – Root: קום (kum); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and rises”; Notes: Refers to initiating an action.
8. עָלָ֔יו (alav) – Root: על (al); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “against him”; Notes: Indicates the direction of the action.
9. וְהִכָּ֥הוּ (ve-hikkahu) – Root: נכה (nakah); Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive and 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and strikes him”; Notes: Refers to inflicting a blow.
10. נֶ֖פֶשׁ (nefesh) – Root: נפש (nefesh); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “mortally”; Notes: Refers to a fatal outcome.
11. וָמֵ֑ת (va-met) – Root: מות (mut); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and he dies”; Notes: Indicates the result of the action.
12. וְנָ֕ס (ve-nas) – Root: נוס (nus); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and flees”; Notes: Refers to escaping or seeking refuge.
13. אֶל־אַחַ֖ת (el-achat) – Root: אחד (echad); Form: Preposition with numeral feminine singular; Translation: “to one”; Notes: Specifies the destination.
14. הֶעָרִ֥ים (he-arim) – Root: עיר (ir); Form: Noun, feminine plural with definite article; Translation: “the cities”; Notes: Refers to the cities of refuge.
15. הָאֵֽל׃ (ha-eleh) – Root: אלה (eleh); Form: Demonstrative pronoun, masculine plural; Translation: “these”; Notes: Refers to the specific cities mentioned earlier.