וַיָּ֨נַח יְהוָ֤ה לָהֶם֙ מִסָּבִ֔יב כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֖ע לַאֲבֹותָ֑ם וְלֹא־עָ֨מַד אִ֤ישׁ בִּפְנֵיהֶם֙ מִכָּל־אֹ֣יְבֵיהֶם֔ אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֹ֣יְבֵיהֶ֔ם נָתַ֥ן יְהוָ֖ה בְּיָדָֽם׃
And YHWH gave them rest all around, according to all that He had sworn to their fathers. Not one of all their enemies stood before them; YHWH gave all their enemies into their hand.
Morphology
- וַיָּ֨נַח (va-yanáḥ) – Root: נוּח (n-ḥ); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And He gave rest”; Notes: The verb expresses the action of giving rest or relief.
- יְהוָ֤ה (YHWH) – Root: י-ה-ו-ה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun, singular; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The divine name, often translated as “LORD.”
- לָהֶם (la-hem) – Root: הֵם (hem); Form: Preposition + pronoun, 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “to them”; Notes: A preposition combined with a pronominal suffix.
- מִסָּבִ֔יב (mi-sabiv) – Root: סבב (s-b-b); Form: Preposition + noun, singular; Translation: “all around”; Notes: Denotes surrounding or encircling in this context.
- כְכֹ֥ל (k-ḵol) – Root: כ-ל (k-l); Form: Preposition + noun, singular; Translation: “according to all”; Notes: The preposition “like” or “according to” in relation to the whole.
- אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֖ע (asher-nishba) – Root: שׁ.ב.ע (sh-b-ʿ); Form: Verb, Nifal, Perfect, 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He had sworn”; Notes: Refers to the divine act of taking an oath.
- לַאֲבֹותָ֑ם (la-avotam) – Root: א.ב.ה (ʾ-b-h); Form: Preposition + noun, plural, masculine; Translation: “to their fathers”; Notes: Refers to ancestors or forefathers.
- וְלֹא־עָ֨מַד (ve-lo-amad) – Root: ע-מ-ד (ʿ-m-d); Form: Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with negation; Translation: “And not one stood”; Notes: Expresses negation of standing against.
- אִ֤ישׁ (ish) – Root: אִישׁ (ʾ-š); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “man” or “anyone”; Notes: Used in a general sense to mean any person.
- בִּפְנֵיהֶם (bifneihem) – Root: פ-נ-ה (p-n-h); Form: Preposition + pronoun, 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “before them”; Notes: Refers to standing in opposition to them.
- מִכָּל־אֹ֣יְבֵיהֶם (mikhol-oyevehem) – Root: א-י-ב (ʾ-y-b); Form: Preposition + noun, plural, masculine with pronominal suffix; Translation: “from all their enemies”; Notes: Refers to adversaries or foes.
- אֵ֚ת (et) – Root: את (et); Form: Direct object marker; Translation: “all”; Notes: This marks the direct object of the verb.
- כָּל־אֹ֣יְבֵיהֶם (kol-oyevehem) – Root: א-י-ב (ʾ-y-b); Form: Noun, plural, masculine with pronominal suffix; Translation: “all their enemies”; Notes: The phrase refers to the totality of their adversaries.
- נָתַ֥ן (natan) – Root: נ-ת-ן (n-t-n); Form: Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He gave”; Notes: The verb means to give or bestow.
- יְהוָ֖ה (YHWH) – Root: י-ה-ו-ה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun, singular; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The divine name of God.
- בְּיָדָֽם (beyadam) – Root: י-ד-י (y-d-y); Form: Preposition + pronoun, 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “into their hand”; Notes: Refers to the control or authority over their enemies.