וַיִּלָּחֲמ֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וַיִּנָּ֤גֶף יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיָּנֻ֨סוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ לְאֹהָלָ֔יו וַתְּהִ֥י הַמַּכָּ֖ה גְּדֹולָ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד וַיִּפֹּל֙ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף רַגְלִֽי׃
And the Pelishtim fought, and Yisraʾel was defeated, and they fled, each man to his tent. And the slaughter was very great, and thirty thousand foot soldiers of Yisraʾel fell.
Morphology
- וַיִּלָּחֲמ֣וּ (va-yillaḥamu) – Root: לחם (laḥam); Form: Nifal consecutive imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And they fought”; Notes: The subject is the Pelishtim.
- פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים (Pelishtim) – Root: פלשתי (Pelishti); Form: Proper noun, plural; Translation: “the Pelishtim”; Notes: The warriors in battle.
- וַיִּנָּ֤גֶף (va-yinnagef) – Root: נגף (nagaf); Form: Nifal consecutive imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And was defeated”; Notes: Yisraʾel was the recipient of the defeat.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun, singular; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: The nation that suffered defeat.
- וַיָּנֻ֨סוּ֙ (va-yanusu) – Root: נוס (nus); Form: Qal consecutive imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And they fled”; Notes: Indicates retreat in fear.
- אִ֣ישׁ (ʾish) – Root: איש (ʾish); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “each man”; Notes: Refers to individual warriors.
- לְאֹהָלָ֔יו (le-ohalav) – Root: אהל (ʾohel); Form: Noun, masculine plural with preposition and 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to his tent”; Notes: Implies a return home.
- וַתְּהִ֥י (va-tehi) – Root: היה (haya); Form: Qal consecutive imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “And was”; Notes: Introduces the extent of the defeat.
- הַמַּכָּ֖ה (ha-makkah) – Root: מכה (makkah); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “the slaughter”; Notes: Describes the heavy casualties.
- גְּדֹולָ֣ה (gedolah) – Root: גדל (gadol); Form: Adjective, feminine singular; Translation: “great”; Notes: Modifies “slaughter”.
- מְאֹ֑ד (meʾod) – Root: מאד (meʾod); Form: Adverb; Translation: “very”; Notes: Intensifies the extent.
- וַיִּפֹּל֙ (va-yippol) – Root: נפל (nafal); Form: Qal consecutive imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And fell”; Notes: Refers to the number of casualties.
- מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (mi-Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun with preposition; Translation: “from Yisraʾel”; Notes: Indicates the source of the fallen soldiers.
- שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים (sheloshim) – Root: שלש (shalosh); Form: Number, masculine plural; Translation: “thirty”; Notes: The number of casualties.
- אֶ֖לֶף (elef) – Root: אלף (elef); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “thousand”; Notes: Part of the numerical figure.
- רַגְלִֽי (ragli) – Root: רגל (regel); Form: Adjective, masculine singular; Translation: “foot soldiers”; Notes: Specifies the type of troops lost.