וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד לְאֶבְיָתָ֗ר יָדַ֜עְתִּי בַּיֹּ֤ום הַהוּא֙ כִּֽי־שָׁם֙ דֹואֵג הָאֲדֹמִ֔י כִּֽי־הַגֵּ֥ד יַגִּ֖יד לְשָׁא֑וּל אָנֹכִ֣י סַבֹּ֔תִי בְּכָל־נֶ֖פֶשׁ בֵּ֥ית אָבִֽיךָ׃
And Dawid said to Evyatar, “I knew on that day that Doʾeg the Edomi was there, that he would surely tell Shaʾul. I have caused the death of all the souls of your father’s house.
Morphology
- וַיֹּ֨אמֶר (vayyōmer) – Root: אמר (ʾāmar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (sequential imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Introduces direct speech.
- דָּוִ֜ד (Dāwid) – Root: דוד (Dāwid); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- לְאֶבְיָתָ֗ר (lə-ʾEvyātār) – Root: אביתר (ʾEvyātār); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “to Ebyatar”; Notes: Indicates the recipient of the speech.
- יָדַ֜עְתִּי (yādaʿtī) – Root: ידע (yādaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I knew”; Notes: Expresses past knowledge.
- בַּיֹּ֤ום הַהוּא֙ (ba-yōm ha-hū) – Root: יום (yōm); Form: Preposition + noun, masculine singular definite + demonstrative pronoun; Translation: “on that day”; Notes: Specifies the time.
- כִּֽי־שָׁם֙ (kī-shām) – Root: כי (kī) + שם (shām); Form: Conjunction + adverb; Translation: “that he was there”; Notes: Explains the reason.
- דֹואֵג (Dōʾeg) – Root: דואג (Dōʾeg); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Doʾeg”; Notes: The person in question.
- הָאֲדֹמִ֔י (ha-ʾAdōmī) – Root: אדום (ʾAdōm); Form: Adjective, masculine singular definite; Translation: “the Edomite”; Notes: Specifies Doʾeg’s nationality.
- כִּֽי־הַגֵּ֥ד (kī-haggēd) – Root: נגד (nāgad); Form: Hifil infinitive absolute; Translation: “that he would surely tell”; Notes: Expresses certainty.
- יַגִּ֖יד (yaggīd) – Root: נגד (nāgad); Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he will tell”; Notes: Emphasizes the prediction.
- לְשָׁא֑וּל (lə-Shaʾul) – Root: שאול (Shaʾul); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “to Shaʾul”; Notes: Indicates the recipient of the information.
- אָנֹכִ֣י (ʾānōkhī) – Root: אנכי (ʾānōkhī); Form: Pronoun, 1st person singular; Translation: “I”; Notes: Emphasizes personal responsibility.
- סַבֹּ֔תִי (sabbōtī) – Root: סבב (sāvav); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I have caused”; Notes: Expresses personal guilt.
- בְּכָל־נֶ֖פֶשׁ (bə-khol-nepesh) – Root: נפש (nepesh); Form: Preposition + noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “in all the souls”; Notes: Refers to the totality of the victims.
- בֵּ֥ית אָבִֽיךָ׃ (bēt ʾāvīkha) – Root: בית (bāyit) + אב (ʾāv); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct + noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “of your father’s house”; Notes: Refers to the household of Ebyatar.