וַיִּרְא֨וּ כָֽל־הַמְּלָכִ֜ים עַבְדֵ֣י הֲדַדְעֶ֗זֶר כִּ֤י נִגְּפוּ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּשְׁלִ֥מוּ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וַיַּֽעַבְד֑וּם וַיִּֽרְא֣וּ אֲרָ֔ם לְהֹושִׁ֥יעַ עֹ֖וד אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י עַמֹּֽון׃ פ
And all the kings, servants of Hadadʿezer, saw that they had been struck before Yisraʾel, and they made peace with Yisraʾel and served them. And Aram was afraid to help again the sons of ʿAmmon.
Morphology
- וַיִּרְא֨וּ (vayyirʾu) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they saw”; Notes: Refers to the observation by the kings.
- כָֽל־הַמְּלָכִ֜ים (khol-ha-melakhim) – Roots: כל (kol), מלך (melekh); Form: Noun construct + definite plural; Translation: “all the kings”; Notes: Collective group under Hadadʿezer.
- עַבְדֵ֣י הֲדַדְעֶ֗זֶר (ʿavdei Hadadʿezer) – Roots: עבד (ʿeved), הדדעזר (Hadadʿezer); Form: Construct plural noun + proper noun; Translation: “servants of Hadadʿezer”; Notes: Vassal kings.
- כִּ֤י נִגְּפוּ֙ (ki niggefu) – Root: נגף (nagaf); Form: Conjunction + Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “that they had been struck”; Notes: Indicates defeat.
- לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (lifnei Yisraʾel) – Roots: פנה (panah), ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Preposition + construct + proper noun; Translation: “before Yisraʾel”; Notes: Indicates their defeat by Yisraʾel.
- וַיַּשְׁלִ֥מוּ (vayyashlimu) – Root: שלם (shalem); Form: Hifil wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they made peace”; Notes: From root meaning “to make whole,” often used of treaties.
- אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל (et-Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Direct object; Translation: “with Yisraʾel”; Notes: Recipient of the peace agreement.
- וַיַּֽעַבְד֑וּם (vayyaʿavdum) – Root: עבד (ʿavad); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and they served them”; Notes: Subjection to Yisraʾel.
- וַיִּֽרְא֣וּ (vayyirʾu) – Root: ירא (yareʾ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they feared”; Notes: Refers to Aram’s fear of further engagement.
- אֲרָ֔ם (Aram) – Root: ארם (Aram); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Aram”; Notes: Subject of the verb “feared.”
- לְהֹושִׁ֥יעַ (lehoshiaʿ) – Root: ישׁע (yashaʿ); Form: Hifil infinitive construct; Translation: “to help/save”; Notes: Refers to military assistance.
- עֹ֖וד (ʿod) – Root: עוד (ʿod); Form: Adverb; Translation: “again”; Notes: Implies this would be a repeated action.
- אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י עַמֹּֽון (et-benei ʿAmmon) – Roots: בן (ben), עמון (ʿAmmon); Form: Direct object marker + construct + proper noun; Translation: “the sons of ʿAmmon”; Notes: Refers to their former allies.
- פ (Pe) – Form: Section marker; Notes: Indicates a parashah break in the Masoretic Text.