וְאַחֲרָ֛יו שַׁמָּ֥א בֶן־אָגֵ֖א הָרָרִ֑י וַיֵּאָסְפ֨וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים לַחַיָּ֗ה וַתְּהִי־שָׁ֞ם חֶלְקַ֤ת הַשָּׂדֶה֙ מְלֵאָ֣ה עֲדָשִׁ֔ים וְהָעָ֥ם נָ֖ס מִפְּנֵ֥י פְלִשְׁתִּֽים׃
And after him, Shamma son of Age the Harari. And the Pelishtim were gathered into a troop, and there was there a plot of the field full of lentils, and the people fled from before the Pelishtim.
Morphology
- וְאַחֲרָיו (veʾaḥarav) – Root: אחר; Form: Conjunction + preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and after him”; Notes: Introduces the next warrior in the narrative.
- שַׁמָּא (Shamma) – Root: –; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Shamma”; Notes: Name of one of Dawid’s mighty men.
- בֶן־אָגֵא (ben-ʾAge) – Root: –; Form: Construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “son of Age”; Notes: Patronymic identification.
- הָרָרִי (ha-Rari) – Root: הרר; Form: Definite gentilic adjective; Translation: “the Harari”; Notes: Possibly refers to geographic origin, “man from the mountains.”
- וַיֵּאָסְפוּ (vayyēʾasfu) – Root: אסף; Form: Nifal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they were gathered”; Notes: Passive form indicating assembling or mustering.
- פְלִשְׁתִּים (Pelishtim) – Root: פלשׁת; Form: Proper noun masculine plural; Translation: “Pelishtim”; Notes: Traditional enemies of Yisraʾel.
- לַחַיָּה (laḥayyah) – Root: חיה; Form: Preposition + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “for the troop” or “for battle formation”; Notes: Possibly refers to a raiding party or armed unit.
- וַתְּהִי (vattəhī) – Root: היה; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and there was”; Notes: Introduces a setting detail.
- שָׁם (sham) – Root: –; Form: Adverb; Translation: “there”; Notes: Indicates location.
- חֶלְקַת (ḥelqat) – Root: חלק; Form: Construct noun feminine singular; Translation: “a plot (of)”; Notes: Refers to a section of land.
- הַשָּׂדֶה (ha-sadeh) – Root: שׂדה; Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the field”; Notes: Completes the construct phrase “plot of the field.”
- מְלֵאָה (məlēʾah) – Root: מלא; Form: Qal participle feminine singular; Translation: “full”; Notes: Modifies “plot of the field.”
- עֲדָשִׁים (ʿadashim) – Root: עדשׁ; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “lentils”; Notes: Refers to the crop growing in the field.
- וְהָעָם (vehaʿam) – Root: עם; Form: Conjunction + definite noun masculine singular (collective); Translation: “and the people”; Notes: Subject of the verb that follows.
- נָס (nas) – Root: נוס; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “fled”; Notes: Describes retreat in the face of danger.
- מִפְּנֵי (mippənei) – Root: פנה; Form: Preposition + construct noun masculine plural; Translation: “from before”; Notes: Indicates source or direction of fear.
- פְלִשְׁתִּים (Pelishtim) – Root: פלשׁת; Form: Proper noun masculine plural; Translation: “Pelishtim”; Notes: Enemy combatants mentioned again as the cause of the people’s flight.