Isaiah 5:22

הֹ֕וי גִּבֹּורִ֖ים לִשְׁתֹּ֣ות יָ֑יִן וְאַנְשֵׁי־חַ֖יִל לִמְסֹ֥ךְ שֵׁכָֽר׃

Woe to the mighty men at drinking wine, and men of valor at mixing strong drink.

Morphology

1. הֹוי (hoy) – Root: הוי (hoy); Form: Interjection; Translation: “Woe”; Notes: Prophetic denunciation introducing rebuke or judgment.
2. גִּבֹּורִים (gibborim) – Root: גבר (gavar); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “mighty men”; Notes: Used ironically here—strong in drinking rather than battle.
3. לִשְׁתֹּות (lishtot) – Root: שׁתה (shatah); Form: Infinitive construct with preposition לְ; Translation: “at drinking”; Notes: Purpose or capacity, i.e., renowned for drinking ability.
4. יָיִן (yayin) – Root: יין (yayin); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “wine”; Notes: Symbol of indulgence or festivity, also of moral decline when abused.
5. וְאַנְשֵׁי־חַיִל (ve-anshei-ḥayil) – Root: אנשׁ (ʾenosh), חיל (ḥayil); Form: Conjunction + construct phrase (men of valor); Translation: “and men of valor”; Notes: Used sarcastically for drinkers rather than warriors.
6. לִמְסֹךְ (limsokh) – Root: מסך (masakh); Form: Infinitive construct with preposition לְ; Translation: “at mixing”; Notes: Refers to preparing intoxicating drink.
7. שֵׁכָר (shekhar) – Root: שׁכר (shakhar); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “strong drink”; Notes: Alcoholic beverage stronger than wine, usually barley-based.