הוּרַ֥ד שְׁאֹ֛ול גְּאֹונֶ֖ךָ הֶמְיַ֣ת נְבָלֶ֑יךָ תַּחְתֶּ֨יךָ֙ יֻצַּ֣ע רִמָּ֔ה וּמְכַסֶּ֖יךָ תֹּולֵעָֽה׃
Down to Sheʾol is brought your pride, the sound of your harps; beneath you is spread the maggot, and the worm is your covering.
Morphology
- הוּרַד (hurad) – Root: ירד (yarad); Form: Hofal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “is brought down”; Notes: Passive voice expressing divine or fateful descent.
- שְׁאֹול (Sheʾol) – Root: Possibly שׁאל; Form: Proper noun feminine singular; Translation: “Sheʾol”; Notes: The underworld or abode of the dead.
- גְּאֹונֶךָ (geʾonekha) – Root: גאה (gaʾah); Form: Noun masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your pride”; Notes: Symbolizes lofty status or arrogant glory now humiliated.
- הֶמְיַת (hemyat) – Root: המה (hamah); Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “the sound of”; Notes: Can refer to noise, tumult, or musical sound.
- נְבָלֶיךָ (nevalekha) – Root: נבל (nevel); Form: Noun masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your harps”; Notes: Stringed musical instruments representing luxury or festivity.
- תַּחְתֶּיךָ (taḥtekha) – Root: תחת (taḥat); Form: Preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “beneath you”; Notes: Denotes what now lies below the fallen ruler.
- יֻצַּע (yutzaʿ) – Root: יצע (yatsaʿ); Form: Pual perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “is spread”; Notes: Passive, as of a bed or layer beneath someone.
- רִמָּה (rimmah) – Root: רמם or רמה; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “maggot”; Notes: Symbol of decay and death.
- וּמְכַסֶּיךָ (u-mekhasekha) – Root: כסה (kasah); Form: Conjunction + Piel participle masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and your covering”; Notes: What now clothes the fallen monarch—decay itself.
- תֹּולֵעָה (toleʿah) – Root: תולע; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “worm”; Notes: Often paired with *rimmah*, intensifying imagery of corruption.