מַשָּׂ֖א גֵּ֣יא חִזָּיֹ֑ון מַה־לָּ֣ךְ אֵפֹ֔וא כִּֽי־עָלִ֥ית כֻּלָּ֖ךְ לַגַּגֹּֽות׃
A burden of the Valley of Vision: What is to you now, that you have all gone up to the housetops?
Morphology
- מַשָּׂ֖א (massa) – Root: נשא (nasa); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “burden”; Notes: A prophetic oracle, typically one of judgment.
- גֵּ֣יא (geʾ) – Root: גיא (geʾ); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “valley of”; Notes: Refers to a depression or ravine; often symbolic of humbling or judgment.
- חִזָּיֹ֑ון (ḥizzayon) – Root: חזי (ḥazah); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “vision”; Notes: Symbolic reference to Yerushalayim, as the center of prophetic revelation.
- מַה־לָּ֣ךְ (mah-lakh) – Root: מה (mah) + לך (lakh); Form: Interrogative + preposition with 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “What is to you?”; Notes: Rhetorical question expressing astonishment or rebuke.
- אֵפֹ֔וא (eifo) – Root: —; Form: Interrogative adverb; Translation: “now” or “then”; Notes: Emphasizes timing or occasion—used to intensify the question.
- כִּֽי־ (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “that” or “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the astonishment.
- עָלִ֥ית (ʿalit) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “you have gone up”; Notes: Refers to an ascent to the rooftops—possibly in panic or celebration.
- כֻּלָּ֖ךְ (kullakh) – Root: כלל (kull); Form: Noun + 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “all of you”; Notes: Collective address to the city, personified in the feminine.
- לַגַּגֹּֽות (la-gaggot) – Root: גג (gag); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine plural with feminine ending; Translation: “to the housetops”; Notes: Suggests activity on rooftops—public lamentation, panic, or festivity.