Isaiah 23:12

וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לֹֽא־תֹוסִ֥יפִי עֹ֖וד לַעְלֹ֑וז הַֽמְעֻשָּׁקָ֞ה בְּתוּלַ֣ת בַּת־צִידֹ֗ון כְּתִיִּם ק֣וּמִי עֲבֹ֔רִי גַּם־שָׁ֖ם לֹא־יָנ֥וּחַ לָֽךְ׃

And He said, “You shall no longer continue to exult, oppressed one, virgin daughter of Tsidon; arise, pass over to Kittim, even there there shall be no rest for you.”

Morphology

1. וַיֹּ֕אמֶר (vayyomer) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal wayyiqtol (consecutive imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Standard narrative form.
2. לֹֽא־תֹוסִ֥יפִי (lo-tosifi) – Root: יסף; Form: Hifil imperfect 2nd person feminine singular with negative; Translation: “you shall no longer continue”; Notes: Used idiomatically for “no more.”
3. עֹ֖וד (ʿod) – Root: עוד; Form: Adverb; Translation: “again / still”; Notes: Modifies the verb for continuation.
4. לַעְלֹ֑וז (laʿloz) – Root: עלז; Form: Preposition + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to exult”; Notes: Implies celebration or pride.
5. הַֽמְעֻשָּׁקָ֞ה (ha-meʿushaqah) – Root: עשק; Form: Passive participle feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “the oppressed one”; Notes: Feminine participle referring to Tsidon.
6. בְּתוּלַ֣ת (betulat) – Root: בתל; Form: Noun, feminine singular in construct state; Translation: “virgin (of)”; Notes: Indicates youthful purity, often poetic title for a city.
7. בַּת־צִידֹ֗ון (bat-Tsidon) – Root: בת, צידון; Form: Construct chain; Translation: “daughter of Tsidon”; Notes: Figurative reference to the city or people of Tsidon.
8. כְּתִיִּם (Kittim) – Root: –; Form: Proper noun, plural; Translation: “Kittim”; Notes: Refers to Cyprus or western maritime lands.
9. קוּמִי (qumi) – Root: קום; Form: Qal imperative feminine singular; Translation: “Arise!”; Notes: Addressed to feminine subject (Tsidon).
10. עֲבֹ֔רִי (avori) – Root: עבר; Form: Qal imperative feminine singular; Translation: “pass over!”; Notes: Parallel to קומי, continuing command.
11. גַּם־שָׁ֖ם (gam-sham) – Root: גם, שם; Form: Adverb + adverb; Translation: “even there”; Notes: Emphasizes inclusion of another place.
12. לֹא־יָנ֥וּחַ (lo-yanuach) – Root: נוח; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with negative; Translation: “there shall be no rest”; Notes: Refers to a state of unrest or turmoil.
13. לָֽךְ (lakh) – Root: לך; Form: Preposition with 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “for you”; Notes: Emphasizes the subject Tsidon.