Isaiah 34:4

וְנָמַ֨קּוּ֙ כָּל־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְנָגֹ֥לּוּ כַסֵּ֖פֶר הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְכָל־צְבָאָ֣ם יִבֹּ֔ול כִּנְבֹ֤ל עָלֶה֙ מִגֶּ֔פֶן וּכְנֹבֶ֖לֶת מִתְּאֵנָֽה׃

And all the host of heaven shall waste away, and the heavens shall be rolled up like a scroll; and all their host shall wither, like the withering of a leaf from a vine, and like one withering from a fig tree.

Morphology

1. וְנָמַ֨קּוּ (ve-namaqqu) – Root: נמק; Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person common plural; Translation: “and they shall waste away”; Notes: Refers to gradual disintegration or melting.
2. כָּל־צְבָ֣א (kol-tseva) – Root: צבא; Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “all the host of”; Notes: “Host” here denotes celestial bodies or armies of heaven.
3. הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם (ha-shamayim) – Root: שמים; Form: Noun masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “the heavens”; Notes: Often plural in form, referring to the sky or cosmic realm.
4. וְנָגֹ֥לּוּ (ve-nagollu) – Root: גלל; Form: Conjunction + Nifal perfect 3rd person common plural; Translation: “and they shall be rolled up”; Notes: Used metaphorically of a scroll closing.
5. כַסֵּ֖פֶר (ka-sefer) – Root: ספר; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “like a scroll”; Notes: Comparison to a written document that is rolled shut.
6. הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם (ha-shamayim) – Root: שמים; Form: Noun masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “the heavens”; Notes: Repetition for poetic emphasis or parallelism.
7. וְכָל־צְבָאָ֣ם (ve-kol-tseva’am) – Root: צבא; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and all their host”; Notes: Refers again to celestial bodies or angels.
8. יִבֹּ֔ול (yibbol) – Root: נבל; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall wither”; Notes: Standard imagery of decay and impermanence.
9. כִּנְבֹ֤ל (kinvol) – Root: נבל; Form: Preposition + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “like the withering of”; Notes: Simile construction.
10. עָלֶה֙ (ʿaleh) – Root: עלה; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a leaf”; Notes: Object of comparison for withering.
11. מִגֶּ֔פֶן (mi-gefen) – Root: גפן; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “from a vine”; Notes: Source of the falling leaf.
12. וּכְנֹבֶ֖לֶת (u-khenovelet) – Root: נבל; Form: Conjunction + Qal participle feminine singular; Translation: “and like one withering”; Notes: Feminine to match fig fruit.
13. מִתְּאֵנָֽה (mi-te’enah) – Root: תאנה; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “from a fig tree”; Notes: Another botanical image of decay.