פָּרֹ֨חַ תִּפְרַ֜ח וְתָגֵ֗ל אַ֚ף גִּילַ֣ת וְרַנֵּ֔ן כְּבֹ֤וד הַלְּבָנֹון֙ נִתַּן־לָ֔הּ הֲדַ֥ר הַכַּרְמֶ֖ל וְהַשָּׁרֹ֑ון הֵ֛מָּה יִרְא֥וּ כְבֹוד־יְהוָ֖ה הֲדַ֥ר אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ ס
Blossoming, it shall blossom and exult—indeed, rejoicing and singing! The glory of the Levanon has been given to her, the majesty of the Karmel and the Sharon. They shall see the glory of YHWH, the majesty of our God.
Morphology
- פָּרֹ֨חַ (paro’aḥ) – Root: פרח; Form: Qal infinitive absolute; Translation: “Blossoming”; Notes: Emphatic infinitive reinforcing the following verb for intensity.
- תִּפְרַ֜ח (tifraḥ) – Root: פרח; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “she shall blossom”; Notes: Feminine subject likely refers to the land (ʿAravah) from the previous verse.
- וְתָגֵ֗ל (ve-tagel) – Root: גיל; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and she shall exult”; Notes: Continues the theme of joy and transformation.
- אַ֚ף (af) – Root: אף; Form: Adverb; Translation: “indeed”; Notes: Adds emphasis, intensifying the preceding verbs.
- גִּילַ֣ת (gilat) – Root: גיל; Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “rejoicing of”; Notes: Construct form paired with the next verb, forming a hendiadys (“rejoicing and singing”).
- וְרַנֵּ֔ן (ve-rannen) – Root: רנן; Form: Piel infinitive construct with prefixed conjunction; Translation: “and singing”; Notes: Expresses loud, joyful song; parallel to “rejoicing.”
- כְּבֹ֤וד (kevod) – Root: כבד; Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “the glory of”; Notes: Construct with “Levanon,” denotes splendor or majesty.
- הַלְּבָנֹון֙ (ha-Levanon) – Root: לבן; Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the Levanon”; Notes: Mountainous region known for cedars, metaphor for majesty.
- נִתַּן־לָ֔הּ (nittan-lah) – Root: נתן; Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular + prepositional suffix; Translation: “has been given to her”; Notes: Passive construction; “her” refers to the land personified.
- הֲדַ֥ר (hadar) – Root: הדר; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “majesty”; Notes: Paired with Karmel and Sharon to signify grandeur.
- הַכַּרְמֶ֖ל (ha-Karmel) – Root: כרמל; Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the Karmel”; Notes: Fertile mountain range, symbolic of beauty.
- וְהַשָּׁרֹ֑ון (ve-ha-Sharon) – Root: שרון; Form: Conjunction + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the Sharon”; Notes: Fertile plain region in ancient Yisraʾel.
- הֵ֛מָּה (hema) – Root: הם; Form: Independent pronoun 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they”; Notes: Refers to Levanon, Karmel, and Sharon as a collective subject.
- יִרְא֥וּ (yirʾu) – Root: ראה; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall see”; Notes: Verb of perception, anticipates divine revelation.
- כְבֹוד־יְהוָ֖ה (kevod-YHWH) – Root: כבד; Form: Construct noun + divine name; Translation: “the glory of YHWH”; Notes: Central focus of the verse—divine majesty revealed.
- הֲדַ֥ר (hadar) – Root: הדר; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “the majesty”; Notes: Parallel to “glory,” enriching the divine portrayal.
- אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ (Eloheinu) – Root: אלוה; Form: Noun masculine plural with 1st person plural pronominal suffix; Translation: “our Elohim”; Notes: Expresses covenantal relationship with YHWH.