דַּבְּר֞וּ עַל־לֵ֤ב יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ וְקִרְא֣וּ אֵלֶ֔יהָ כִּ֤י מָֽלְאָה֙ צְבָאָ֔הּ כִּ֥י נִרְצָ֖ה עֲוֹנָ֑הּ כִּ֤י לָקְחָה֙ מִיַּ֣ד יְהוָ֔ה כִּפְלַ֖יִם בְּכָל־חַטֹּאתֶֽיהָ׃ ס
“Speak to the heart of Yerushalayim and call to her, for her warfare is fulfilled, for her iniquity is pardoned, for she has received from the hand of YHWH double for all her sins.”
Morphology
- דַּבְּרוּ (dabberu) – Root: דבר; Form: Piel imperative masculine plural; Translation: “Speak”; Notes: A command to proclaim or address.
- עַל־לֵב (ʿal-lev) – Root: לב; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “to the heart of”; Notes: An idiom meaning to speak tenderly or intimately.
- יְרוּשָׁלִַם (Yerushalayim) – Root: Unclear; traditional proper noun; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yerushalayim”; Notes: City personified as a woman.
- וְקִרְאוּ (ve-qirʾu) – Root: קרא; Form: Qal imperative masculine plural with conjunction; Translation: “and call”; Notes: Another command to announce or proclaim to the city.
- אֵלֶיהָ (eleha) – Root: אל; Form: Preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “to her”; Notes: Refers to Yerushalayim.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces reasons or explanations.
- מָלְאָה (malʾah) – Root: מלא; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “is fulfilled”; Notes: Refers to completion of appointed service or hardship.
- צְבָאָהּ (tsevaʾah) – Root: צבא; Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “her warfare”; Notes: Refers figuratively to hardship, suffering, or military service.
- נִרְצָה (nirtzah) – Root: רצה; Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “is pardoned”; Notes: Passive form indicating divine forgiveness.
- עֲוֹנָהּ (ʿavonah) – Root: עון; Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “her iniquity”; Notes: Refers to moral guilt or sin.
- לָקְחָה (laqḥah) – Root: לקח; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “she has received”; Notes: Past completed action referring to divine retribution or payment.
- מִיַּד (mi-yad) – Root: יד; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “from the hand of”; Notes: Source or agent of the action—YHWH.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: היה; Form: Proper noun (Tetragrammaton); Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The divine source of both judgment and comfort.
- כִּפְלַיִם (kiflayim) – Root: כפל; Form: Dual noun; Translation: “double”; Notes: Emphasizes severity or completeness of the punishment received.
- בְּכָל־חַטֹּאתֶיהָ (be-khol-ḥattoʾoteha) – Root: חטא; Form: Preposition + totality marker + noun feminine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “for all her sins”; Notes: Sins are the reason for the suffering and the compensation.