מִֽי־הִגִּ֤יד מֵרֹאשׁ֙ וְנֵדָ֔עָה וּמִלְּפָנִ֖ים וְנֹאמַ֣ר צַדִּ֑יק אַ֣ף אֵין־מַגִּ֗יד אַ֚ף אֵ֣ין מַשְׁמִ֔יעַ אַ֥ף אֵין־שֹׁמֵ֖עַ אִמְרֵיכֶֽם׃
Who has declared from the beginning, that we may know? And from former times, that we may say, “He is righteous”? Indeed, there is none who declares, indeed, there is none who causes to hear, indeed, there is none who hears your words.
Morphology
- מִֽי־ (mi) – Root: מי (mi); Form: Interrogative pronoun; Translation: “Who”; Notes: Initiates a rhetorical question.
- הִגִּ֤יד (higgid) – Root: נגד (nagad); Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has declared”; Notes: Indicates the act of proclaiming or announcing.
- מֵרֹאשׁ (me-rosh) – Root: ראשׁ (rosh); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “from the beginning”; Notes: Temporal marker, indicating origin in time.
- וְנֵדָעָה (ve-nedaʿah) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Qal cohortative 1st person plural with waw-conjunctive; Translation: “that we may know”; Notes: Expresses purpose or result.
- וּמִלְּפָנִים (u-mi-lfanim) – Root: פן (pan); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine plural; Translation: “and from former times”; Notes: Another temporal expression, echoing the previous one.
- וְנֹאמַר (ve-noʾmar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal cohortative 1st person plural with waw-conjunctive; Translation: “that we may say”; Notes: Parallel to וְנֵדָעָה.
- צַדִּיק (tsaddiq) – Root: צדק (tsadaq); Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “righteous”; Notes: Possibly referring to the one making the declaration.
- אַף (af) – Root: אף (ʾaf); Form: Adversative particle; Translation: “indeed” or “even”; Notes: Used for emphasis.
- אֵין־מַגִּיד (ein-maggid) – Root: נגד (nagad); Form: Negative particle + Hifil participle masculine singular; Translation: “there is none declaring”; Notes: Expresses absence of a true proclaimer.
- אַף (af) – Root: אף; Form: Adversative particle; Translation: “indeed” or “even”; Notes: Repetition adds rhetorical emphasis.
- אֵין מַשְׁמִיעַ (ein mashmiʿa) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Negative particle + Hifil participle masculine singular; Translation: “there is none causing to hear”; Notes: Expresses lack of authoritative instruction.
- אַף (af) – Translation: “indeed”; Notes: Third emphasis in the triad.
- אֵין־שֹׁמֵעַ (ein-shomeʿa) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Negative particle + Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “there is none hearing”; Notes: Emphasizes total absence of response.
- אִמְרֵיכֶם (imreikhem) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Noun masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “your words”; Notes: Directed at the false gods or nations challenged earlier.