Isaiah 42:5

כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר הָאֵ֣ל יְהוָ֗ה בֹּורֵ֤א הַשָּׁמַ֨יִם֙ וְנֹ֣וטֵיהֶ֔ם רֹקַ֥ע הָאָ֖רֶץ וְצֶאֱצָאֶ֑יהָ נֹתֵ֤ן נְשָׁמָה֙ לָעָ֣ם עָלֶ֔יהָ וְר֖וּחַ לַהֹלְכִ֥ים בָּֽהּ׃

Thus says the God, YHWH, Creator of the heavens and their outstretching, who spreads out the earth and its offspring, who gives breath to the people upon it and spirit to those who walk in it:

Morphology

1. כֹּֽה־ (koh) – Root: כה; Form: Adverb; Translation: “Thus”; Notes: Introduces a divine proclamation formula.
2. אָמַ֞ר (ʾamar) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he said”; Notes: Refers to a past declaration, often introducing divine speech.
3. הָאֵ֣ל (ha-ʾel) – Root: אל; Form: Definite article + noun masculine singular; Translation: “the God”; Notes: Emphatic title for the one true deity.
4. יְהוָ֗ה (YHWH) – Root: Unique divine name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The Tetragrammaton, sacred name of God.
5. בֹּורֵ֤א (boreʾ) – Root: ברא; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “creator”; Notes: Active participle describing a continuous creative act.
6. הַשָּׁמַ֨יִם֙ (ha-shamayim) – Root: שמים; Form: Definite article + noun masculine plural; Translation: “the heavens”; Notes: Dual/plural form referring to the skies or the heavenly realm.
7. וְנֹ֣וטֵיהֶ֔ם (ve-noteteihem) – Root: נטה; Form: Conjunction + Qal participle masculine singular + 3rd plural masculine suffix; Translation: “and their stretcher-out”; Notes: Indicates continuous divine activity in extending the heavens.
8. רֹקַ֥ע (roqeaʿ) – Root: רקע; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “spreader” or “who spreads out”; Notes: Refers to stretching out the earth like a surface or expanse.
9. הָאָ֖רֶץ (ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ; Form: Definite article + noun feminine singular; Translation: “the earth”; Notes: Refers to the land or the whole earth.
10. וְצֶאֱצָאֶ֑יהָ (ve-tseʾetsaʾeha) – Root: צאצא; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix; Translation: “and its offspring”; Notes: Refers to all that emerges from the earth, such as vegetation or inhabitants.
11. נֹתֵ֤ן (noten) – Root: נתן; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “giving”; Notes: Indicates habitual or characteristic divine action.
12. נְשָׁמָה֙ (neshamah) – Root: נשׁם; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “breath”; Notes: Refers to the life-breath given by God.
13. לָעָ֣ם (la-ʿam) – Root: עם; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “to the people”; Notes: Refers to humanity in general or Yisraʾel in context.
14. עָלֶ֔יהָ (ʿaleha) – Root: על; Form: Preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix; Translation: “upon it”; Notes: Refers to the earth.
15. וְר֖וּחַ (ve-ruaḥ) – Root: רוח; Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and spirit”; Notes: Often refers to life-force or empowering breath.
16. לַהֹלְכִ֥ים (la-holkhim) – Root: הלך; Form: Preposition + Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “to those who walk”; Notes: Suggests those living or moving about on the earth.
17. בָּֽהּ׃ (bah) – Root: ב; Form: Preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix; Translation: “in it”; Notes: Refers again to the earth.