כֹּֽה־אָמַ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה גֹּאַלְכֶ֖ם קְדֹ֣ושׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לְמַעַנְכֶ֞ם שִׁלַּ֣חְתִּי בָבֶ֗לָה וְהֹורַדְתִּ֤י בָֽרִיחִים֙ כֻּלָּ֔ם וְכַשְׂדִּ֖ים בָּאֳנִיֹּ֥ות רִנָּתָֽם׃
Thus said YHWH, your Redeemer, the Holy One of Yisraʾel: For your sake I have sent to Bavel, and I have brought down all of them as fugitives—even the Kasdim in the ships of their shouting.
Morphology
- כֹּֽה (koh) – Root: –; Form: Adverb; Translation: “Thus”; Notes: Introduces direct divine speech.
- אָמַ֧ר (ʾamar) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “said”; Notes: Formulaic declaration of YHWH’s words.
- יְהוָ֛ה (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Speaker of the declaration.
- גֹּאַלְכֶ֖ם (goʾalkhem) – Root: גאל; Form: Qal participle masculine singular with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “your Redeemer”; Notes: Legal and relational term of deliverance.
- קְדֹ֣ושׁ (qedosh) – Root: קדש; Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “Holy One”; Notes: Title emphasizing sanctity and divine separateness.
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the covenant people of YHWH.
- לְמַעַנְכֶ֞ם (lemaʿankhem) – Root: מען; Form: Preposition + noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “for your sake”; Notes: Introduces motive of divine action.
- שִׁלַּ֣חְתִּי (shillaḥti) – Root: שלח; Form: Piel perfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I have sent”; Notes: Emphatic form of commissioning or dispatching.
- בָבֶ֗לָה (Bavelah) – Root: בבל; Form: Proper noun with locative heh; Translation: “to Bavel”; Notes: Refers to Babylon, seat of exile and judgment.
- וְהֹורַדְתִּ֤י (ve-horadti) – Root: ירד; Form: Hiphil perfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “and I have brought down”; Notes: Causative action of divine humiliation or judgment.
- בָֽרִיחִים (barichim) – Root: ברח; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “fugitives” or “bars”; Notes: Likely refers metaphorically to fleeing ones or leaders.
- כֻּלָּ֔ם (kullam) – Root: כל; Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd person plural suffix; Translation: “all of them”; Notes: Emphasizes totality of those judged.
- וְכַשְׂדִּ֖ים (ve-Kasdim) – Root: כשד; Form: Conjunction + proper noun masculine plural; Translation: “and the Kasdim”; Notes: Refers to the Chaldeans, ruling class of Babylon.
- בָּאֳנִיֹּ֥ות (baʾoniyyot) – Root: אניה; Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine plural; Translation: “in ships”; Notes: Possibly poetic imagery of their retreat or fall.
- רִנָּתָֽם (rinnatam) – Root: רנן; Form: Noun feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their shouting” or “jubilation”; Notes: Possibly ironic: their triumphant shout becomes a cry of defeat.