Isaiah 53:8

מֵעֹ֤צֶר וּמִמִּשְׁפָּט֙ לֻקָּ֔ח וְאֶת־דֹּורֹ֖ו מִ֣י יְשֹׂוחֵ֑חַ כִּ֤י נִגְזַר֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ חַיִּ֔ים מִפֶּ֥שַׁע עַמִּ֖י נֶ֥גַע לָֽמֹו׃

From oppression and from judgment he was taken, and his generation—who shall speak of it? For he was cut off from the land of the living; for the transgression of my people, the blow was to him.

Morphology

1. מֵעֹ֤צֶר (meʿotser) – Root: עצר (ʿatsar); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “from oppression”; Notes: Refers to coercion or confinement.
2. וּמִמִּשְׁפָּט֙ (u-mi-mishpat) – Root: שפט (shafat); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and from judgment”; Notes: Denotes legal justice or judicial process.
3. לֻקָּ֔ח (luqqaḥ) – Root: לקח (laqach); Form: Pual perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he was taken”; Notes: Passive form—removed, likely by force or decree.
4. וְאֶת־דֹּורֹ֖ו (veʾet-doro) – Root: דור (dor); Form: Direct object marker + noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and his generation”; Notes: Refers to his contemporaries or descendants.
5. מִ֣י (mi) – Root: מי (mi); Form: Interrogative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces rhetorical question of neglect or silence.
6. יְשֹׂוחֵ֑חַ (yesoḥe’aḥ) – Root: שׂוח (siaḥ); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall speak of it”; Notes: Conveys meditating, speaking, or recounting.
7. כִּ֤י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the preceding lament.
8. נִגְזַר֙ (nigzar) – Root: גזר (gazar); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he was cut off”; Notes: Can imply judicial or violent removal.
9. מֵאֶ֣רֶץ (meʾerets) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “from the land”; Notes: Introduces the domain from which he is removed.
10. חַיִּ֔ים (ḥayyim) – Root: חיה (ḥayah); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “of the living”; Notes: Refers to the realm of life, i.e., existence among the living.
11. מִפֶּ֥שַׁע (mi-pesha) – Root: פשע (peshaʿ); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “for the transgression”; Notes: Indicates the cause of the punishment.
12. עַמִּ֖י (ʿammi) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Noun masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “my people”; Notes: Refers to the covenant nation, Yisraʾel.
13. נֶ֥גַע (negaʿ) – Root: נגע (nagaʿ); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “the blow” / “the plague”; Notes: Implies a divinely inflicted wound or punishment.
14. לָֽמֹו (lamo) – Root: —; Form: Preposition + 3rd person plural suffix (archaic collective); Translation: “to him”; Notes: Though plural in form, often used with singular referent in poetic texts.