Isaiah 53:7

נִגַּ֨שׂ וְה֣וּא נַעֲנֶה֮ וְלֹ֣א יִפְתַּח־פִּיו֒ כַּשֶּׂה֙ לַטֶּ֣בַח יוּבָ֔ל וּכְרָחֵ֕ל לִפְנֵ֥י גֹזְזֶ֖יהָ נֶאֱלָ֑מָה וְלֹ֥א יִפְתַּ֖ח פִּֽיו׃

He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he did not open his mouth; like a lamb led to the slaughter, and like a ewe before her shearers is silent, so he did not open his mouth.

Morphology

1. נִגַּ֨שׂ (niggas) – Root: נגשׂ (nagas); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He was oppressed”; Notes: Passive form indicating being harshly treated or driven.
2. וְהוּא (ve-hu) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction + pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “and he”; Notes: Emphasizes continued subject reference.
3. נַעֲנֶה (naʿaneh) – Root: ענה (ʿanah); Form: Nifal participle masculine singular; Translation: “was afflicted”; Notes: Suggests being humbled, mistreated, or abused.
4. וְלֹ֣א (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “and he did not”; Notes: Begins a contrastive clause.
5. יִפְתַּח־פִּיו (yiftaḥ-piv) – Root: פתח (pataḥ); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + noun masculine singular with 3rd person suffix; Translation: “open his mouth”; Notes: Idiom for speaking—he remained silent.
6. כַּשֶּׂה (ka-seh) – Root: שה (seh); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “like a lamb”; Notes: Introduces a simile highlighting innocence and silence.
7. לַטֶּבַח (la-tevach) – Root: טבח (tavach); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “to the slaughter”; Notes: Refers to ritual or violent killing.
8. יוּבָל (yuval) – Root: יבל (yaval); Form: Hophal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he is led”; Notes: Passive causative—he is brought by another.
9. וּכְרָחֵל (u-keraḥel) – Root: רחל (raḥel); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and like a ewe”; Notes: Female lamb, tender image paired with the lamb simile.
10. לִפְנֵי (lifnei) – Root: פנה (panah); Form: Preposition + construct noun; Translation: “before”; Notes: Spatial relation indicating presence.
11. גֹזְזֶיהָ (gozzezeha) – Root: גזז (gazaz); Form: Qal participle masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “her shearers”; Notes: Refers to those who cut the wool, metaphor for submission.
12. נֶאֱלָמָה (neʾelamah) – Root: אלם (ʾalam); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “is silent”; Notes: Reflexive silence—she makes herself mute.
13. וְלֹ֥א (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “and he did not”; Notes: Final repetition of the silence motif.
14. יִפְתַּ֖ח פִּֽיו (yiftaḥ piv) – Root: פתח (pataḥ); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + noun masculine singular with 3rd person suffix; Translation: “open his mouth”; Notes: Repetition stresses submission and voluntary silence.