כִּֽי־כְאִשָּׁ֧ה עֲזוּבָ֛ה וַעֲצ֥וּבַת ר֖וּחַ קְרָאָ֣ךְ יְהוָ֑ה וְאֵ֧שֶׁת נְעוּרִ֛ים כִּ֥י תִמָּאֵ֖ס אָמַ֥ר אֱלֹהָֽיִךְ׃
For like a forsaken woman and grieved in spirit YHWH has called you, and like a wife of youth who is rejected,” says your God.
Morphology
- כִּֽי־ (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces an explanatory comparison.
- כְאִשָּׁ֧ה (ke-ishah) – Root: אשה; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “like a woman”; Notes: Comparison term beginning a simile.
- עֲזוּבָ֛ה (ʿazuvah) – Root: עזב; Form: Qal passive participle feminine singular; Translation: “forsaken”; Notes: Describes abandonment, often with emotional or marital connotation.
- וַעֲצ֥וּבַת (va-ʿatsuvat) – Root: עצב; Form: Conjunction + passive participle feminine singular construct; Translation: “and grieved of”; Notes: Refers to deep emotional pain.
- רוּחַ (ruaḥ) – Root: רוח; Form: Noun feminine singular (in construct); Translation: “spirit”; Notes: Modifies the emotional state of the woman.
- קְרָאָ֣ךְ (qeraʾakh) – Root: קרא; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular + 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “has called you”; Notes: Divine calling of Zion, despite her forsaken state.
- יְהוָ֑ה (YHWH) – Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Subject of the calling action.
- וְאֵ֧שֶׁת (ve-eshet) – Root: אשה; Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular in construct; Translation: “and a wife of”; Notes: Begins the second simile.
- נְעוּרִ֛ים (neʿurim) – Root: נער; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “youth”; Notes: Implies early relationship or marriage.
- כִּ֥י (ki) – Form: Conjunction; Translation: “who” / “when”; Notes: Contextually introduces the cause or reason.
- תִמָּאֵ֖ס (timmaʾes) – Root: מאס; Form: Nifal imperfect 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “is rejected”; Notes: Passive voice conveying abandonment or scorn.
- אָמַ֥ר (amar) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “says”; Notes: Speech verb introducing divine declaration.
- אֱלֹהָֽיִךְ (ʾelohaikh) – Root: אלה; Form: Noun masculine plural + 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “your God”; Notes: Possessive, identifying the speaker as the God of Zion.