Isaiah 56:2

אַשְׁרֵ֤י אֱנֹושׁ֙ יַעֲשֶׂה־זֹּ֔את וּבֶן־אָדָ֖ם יַחֲזִ֣יק בָּ֑הּ שֹׁמֵ֤ר שַׁבָּת֙ מֵֽחַלְּלֹ֔ו וְשֹׁמֵ֥ר יָדֹ֖ו מֵעֲשֹׂ֥ות כָּל־רָֽע׃ ס

Blessed is the man who does this, and the son of man who holds fast to it, who keeps the Shabbat from profaning it and keeps his hand from doing any evil.

Morphology

1. אַשְׁרֵ֤י (ʾashrei) – Root: אשר; Form: Construct form of noun masculine plural (frozen form); Translation: “Blessed is”; Notes: Introduces a beatitude; literally “happiness of.”
2. אֱנֹושׁ֙ (ʾenosh) – Root: אנשׁ; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “man”; Notes: Refers to a human being in general, often frail or mortal.
3. יַעֲשֶׂה־זֹּ֔את (yaʿaseh-zot) – Root: עשה; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + demonstrative feminine pronoun; Translation: “who does this”; Notes: Refers to the actions described in the rest of the verse.
4. וּבֶן־אָדָ֖ם (u-ven-adam) – Root: בן, אדם; Form: Conjunction + construct noun + absolute noun; Translation: “and the son of man”; Notes: Hebrew idiom for “human being.”
5. יַחֲזִ֣יק (yaḥaziq) – Root: חזק; Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “who holds fast”; Notes: In the causative stem, implying intentional action.
6. בָּ֑הּ (bah) – Root: ב; Form: Preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “to it” or “in it”; Notes: Refers back to “this” (זֹּאת), meaning the prescribed actions.
7. שֹׁמֵ֤ר (shomer) – Root: שמר; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “who keeps”; Notes: Describes ongoing action or habit.
8. שַׁבָּת֙ (Shabbat) – Root: שבת; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “Shabbat”; Notes: Refers to the Sabbath day, a covenantal sign of rest and sanctity.
9. מֵֽחַלְּלֹ֔ו (me-ḥallelo) – Root: חלל; Form: Preposition מִן + Piel participle with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “from profaning it”; Notes: The Piel denotes intentional desecration.
10. וְשֹׁמֵ֥ר (ve-shomer) – Root: שמר; Form: Conjunction + Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “and who keeps”; Notes: Continues the parallel participial clause.
11. יָדֹ֖ו (yado) – Root: יד; Form: Noun feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his hand”; Notes: Refers to one’s deeds or actions.
12. מֵעֲשֹׂ֥ות (me-ʿasot) – Root: עשה; Form: Preposition מִן + infinitive construct; Translation: “from doing”; Notes: Expresses separation or avoidance of an action.
13. כָּל־רָֽע (kol-raʿ) – Root: כל, רע; Form: Construct noun + adjective masculine singular; Translation: “any evil”; Notes: Generic phrase for moral or ethical wrongdoing.