Isaiah 60:5

אָ֤ז תִּרְאִי֙ וְנָהַ֔רְתְּ וּפָחַ֥ד וְרָחַ֖ב לְבָבֵ֑ךְ כִּֽי־יֵהָפֵ֤ךְ עָלַ֨יִךְ֙ הֲמֹ֣ון יָ֔ם חֵ֥יל גֹּויִ֖ם יָבֹ֥אוּ לָֽךְ׃

Then you shall see and be radiant, and your heart shall tremble and swell, because the abundance of the sea shall be turned to you, the wealth of nations shall come to you.

Morphology

1. אָז (ʾaz) – Root: אז; Form: Adverb; Translation: “Then”; Notes: Introduces a result or future moment.
2. תִּרְאִי (tirʾi) – Root: ראה; Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “you shall see”; Notes: Addressed to feminine Tsiyon.
3. וְנָהַרְתְּ (ve-nahart) – Root: נהר; Form: Qal perfect 2nd person feminine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and be radiant”; Notes: From the root meaning to shine or flow, here connoting radiant joy.
4. וּפָחַד (u-faḥad) – Root: פחד; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and tremble”; Notes: Emotion of awe or fear; poetic parallelism.
5. וְרָחַב (ve-raḥav) – Root: רחב; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and swell”; Notes: Refers to the heart expanding with joy or amazement.
6. לְבָבֵךְ (levavekh) – Root: לבב; Form: Noun masculine singular with 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “your heart”; Notes: Central seat of emotion and thought.
7. כִּי (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “because”; Notes: Introduces the cause of the emotional reaction.
8. יֵהָפֵךְ (yehapekh) – Root: הפך; Form: Nifal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall be turned”; Notes: Passive transformation directed toward Tsiyon.
9. עָלַיִךְ (ʿalayikh) – Root: על; Form: Preposition + 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “to you”; Notes: Directional recipient of blessing.
10. הֲמֹון (hamon) – Root: המם; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “abundance” or “multitude”; Notes: Can refer to wealth or crowds.
11. יָם (yam) – Root: ים; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “sea”; Notes: Likely symbolic of global commerce or distant peoples.
12. חֵיל (ḥeil) – Root: חיל; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “wealth” or “might”; Notes: Refers to resources, armies, or valor.
13. גֹּויִם (goyim) – Root: גוי; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “nations”; Notes: Gentile peoples, in contrast with Yisraʾel.
14. יָבֹאוּ (yavoʾu) – Root: בוא; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall come”; Notes: Future visitation or offering of resources.
15. לָךְ (lakh) – Root: ל; Form: Preposition + 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “to you”; Notes: Repeated to emphasize Tsiyon as the recipient of blessing.