בַּעֲשֹׂותְךָ֥ נֹורָאֹ֖ות לֹ֣א נְקַוֶּ֑ה יָרַ֕דְתָּ מִפָּנֶ֖יךָ הָרִ֥ים נָזֹֽלּוּ׃
When You did awesome things we did not expect, You came down, the mountains flowed at Your presence.
Morphology
- בַּעֲשֹׂותְךָ֥ (baʿasotekha) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Preposition בְּ + Qal infinitive construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “when You did” or “in Your doing”; Notes: Introduces a temporal or causal clause.
- נֹורָאֹ֖ות (noraʾot) – Root: ירא (yareʾ); Form: Noun feminine plural (from the adjective); Translation: “awesome things”; Notes: Refers to awe-inspiring or fear-inducing acts of YHWH.
- לֹ֣א (lo) – Root: לא; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
- נְקַוֶּ֑ה (neqavveh) – Root: קוה (qavah); Form: Piel imperfect 1st person plural; Translation: “we hoped” or “we expected”; Notes: Piel form may intensify the meaning; implies surprise at YHWH’s overwhelming deeds.
- יָרַ֕דְתָּ (yaradta) – Root: ירד (yarad); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You came down”; Notes: Theophanic descent—God manifesting Himself in history.
- מִפָּנֶ֖יךָ (mi-panekha) – Root: פנים (panim); Form: Preposition מִן + noun plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “at Your presence”; Notes: Indicates cause or result of divine appearance.
- הָרִ֥ים (harim) – Root: הר (har); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “mountains”; Notes: Often used symbolically in theophanic imagery to show nature reacting to God.
- נָזֹֽלּוּ (nazollu) – Root: נזל (nazal); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “flowed” or “melted”; Notes: Describes dramatic natural response to divine presence—likely poetic hyperbole.