וְהָיָה֙ מִקֹּ֣ל זְנוּתָ֔הּ וַתֶּחֱנַ֖ף אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַתִּנְאַ֥ף אֶת־הָאֶ֖בֶן וְאֶת־הָעֵֽץ׃
And it came to be from the sound of her whoring, that she defiled the land and committed adultery with the stone and with the tree.
Morphology
- וְהָיָה (ve-hayah) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with conjunction; Translation: “And it came to be”; Notes: Introduces a result or consequence of her actions.
- מִקֹּל (mi-qol) – Root: קול (qol); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “from the sound of”; Notes: Suggests notoriety or report of her actions.
- זְנוּתָהּ (z’nutah) – Root: זנה (zanah); Form: Noun feminine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “her whoring”; Notes: Refers to spiritual or physical unfaithfulness.
- וַתֶּחֱנַף (va-teḥanaf) – Root: חנף (ḥanaf); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and she defiled”; Notes: Indicates moral and cultic corruption of the land.
- אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ (et-ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Accusative marker + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the land”; Notes: The object polluted by her actions—can imply covenantal violation.
- וַתִּנְאַף (va-tinaʾaf) – Root: נאף (naʾaf); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and she committed adultery”; Notes: Continues metaphor of unfaithfulness.
- אֶת־הָאֶ֖בֶן (et-ha-even) – Root: אבן (ʾeven); Form: Accusative marker + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the stone”; Notes: Idolatrous object—implies idol worship.
- וְאֶת־הָעֵֽץ (ve-et-ha-ʿets) – Root: עץ (ʿets); Form: Conjunction + accusative marker + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the tree”; Notes: Parallels stone—both are materials used in idol construction or locations of cultic worship.