Jeremiah 14:4

בַּעֲב֤וּר הָאֲדָמָה֙ חַ֔תָּה כִּ֛י לֹא־הָיָ֥ה גֶ֖שֶׁם בָּאָ֑רֶץ בֹּ֥שׁוּ אִכָּרִ֖ים חָפ֥וּ רֹאשָֽׁם׃

Because of the ground the earth was dismayed, for there was no rain in the land; the farmers were ashamed, they covered their heads.

Morphology

1. בַּעֲב֤וּר (baʿavur) – Root: עבר; Form: Preposition formed from noun in construct; Translation: “because of”; Notes: Introduces the reason for what follows.
2. הָאֲדָמָה֙ (ha-ʾadamah) – Root: אדם; Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the ground” or “the soil”; Notes: Refers to cultivated land, agricultural earth.
3. חַ֔תָּה (ḥattah) – Root: חתת; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “was dismayed” or “terrified”; Notes: Feminine agreement with “ground.”
4. כִּ֛י (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for” or “because”; Notes: Introduces the cause or explanation of the preceding clause.
5. לֹא־הָיָ֥ה (lo-hayah) – Root: היה; Form: Negative particle + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “there was not”; Notes: Denotes absence of something—in this case, rain.
6. גֶ֖שֶׁם (geshem) – Root: גשם; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “rain”; Notes: Object of the negated verb “was.”
7. בָּאָ֑רֶץ (ba-ʾaretz) – Root: ארץ; Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “in the land”; Notes: Refers to the entire country or region affected.
8. בֹּ֥שׁוּ (boshu) – Root: בוש; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person common plural; Translation: “they were ashamed”; Notes: Describes the farmers’ emotional response to drought.
9. אִכָּרִ֖ים (ikkarim) – Root: אכר; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “farmers”; Notes: Laborers of the land, directly impacted by lack of rain.
10. חָפ֥וּ (ḥafu) – Root: חפה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person common plural; Translation: “they covered”; Notes: Mourning or shame gesture in response to calamity.
11. רֹאשָֽׁם (roʾsham) – Root: ראשׁ; Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their heads”; Notes: Refers to the object of the gesture of covering in shame.