כִּ֣י יָצֻ֗מוּ אֵינֶ֤נִּי שֹׁמֵ֨עַ֙ אֶל־רִנָּתָ֔ם וְכִ֧י יַעֲל֛וּ עֹלָ֥ה וּמִנְחָ֖ה אֵינֶ֣נִּי רֹצָ֑ם כִּ֗י בַּחֶ֨רֶב֙ וּבָרָעָ֣ב וּבַדֶּ֔בֶר אָנֹכִ֖י מְכַלֶּ֥ה אֹותָֽם׃ ס
For even if they fast, I will not hear their cry; and even if they offer burnt offering and grain offering, I will not accept them. For by the sword, and by famine, and by pestilence I am consuming them.
Morphology
- כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for” or “even if”; Notes: Introduces a conditional or causal clause.
- יָצֻ֗מוּ (yatzumu) – Root: צום; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person common plural; Translation: “they fast”; Notes: Refers to acts of religious abstention, possibly hypothetical here.
- אֵינֶ֤נִּי (eineni) – Root: אין; Form: Particle of non-existence + 1st person singular pronominal suffix; Translation: “I am not” / “I will not”; Notes: Denotes emphatic negation with personal subject.
- שֹׁמֵ֨עַ (shomeaʿ) – Root: שמע; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “hearing”; Notes: Used with negation to express ongoing refusal to respond.
- אֶל־רִנָּתָ֔ם (el-rinnatam) – Root: רנן; Form: Preposition אֶל + noun feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to their cry”; Notes: Implies petitionary prayer or lamentation.
- וְכִ֧י (ve-ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction with prefix; Translation: “and even if”; Notes: Continuation of the hypothetical or concessive condition.
- יַעֲל֛וּ (yaʿalu) – Root: עלה; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they offer” or “they bring up”; Notes: Used for bringing sacrifices to the altar.
- עֹלָ֥ה (ʿolah) – Root: עלה; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “burnt offering”; Notes: A whole offering entirely consumed by fire.
- וּמִנְחָ֖ה (u-minḥah) – Root: מנח; Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and grain offering”; Notes: A tribute offering of flour or grain.
- אֵינֶ֣נִּי (eineni) – Root: אין; Form: Particle of non-existence + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “I will not”; Notes: Repetition reinforces total rejection.
- רֹצָ֑ם (rotsam) – Root: רצה; Form: Qal participle masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “accept them”; Notes: Indicates YHWH’s rejection of sacrificial ritual.
- כִּ֗י (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Gives the reason for divine rejection.
- בַּחֶ֨רֶב (ba-ḥerev) – Root: חרב; Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “by the sword”; Notes: Instrument of judgment—military defeat.
- וּבָרָעָ֣ב (u-va-raʿav) – Root: רעב; Form: Conjunction + preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “and by famine”; Notes: Starvation due to siege or drought.
- וּבַדֶּ֔בֶר (u-va-dever) – Root: דבר; Form: Conjunction + preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “and by pestilence”; Notes: Plague or epidemic as divine punishment.
- אָנֹכִ֖י (anokhi) – Root: אנכ; Form: Independent pronoun 1st person singular; Translation: “I”; Notes: Emphatic subject marking divine agency.
- מְכַלֶּ֥ה (mekalleh) – Root: כלה; Form: Piel participle masculine singular; Translation: “am consuming” or “destroying”; Notes: Intensive verbal form indicating total destruction.
- אֹותָֽם (otam) – Root: אות; Form: Object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “them”; Notes: Refers to the people who are the target of judgment.