Jeremiah 23:39

לָכֵ֣ן הִנְנִ֔י וְנָשִׁ֥יתִי אֶתְכֶ֖ם נָשֹׁ֑א וְנָטַשְׁתִּ֣י אֶתְכֶ֗ם וְאֶת־הָעִיר֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֧תִּי לָכֶ֛ם וְלַאֲבֹותֵיכֶ֖ם מֵעַ֥ל פָּנָֽי׃

Therefore, behold, I, I will surely lift you up and cast you away, and I will forsake you and the city that I gave to you and to your fathers from before My face.

Morphology

1. לָכֵ֣ן (lakhen) – Root: כן; Form: Adverb; Translation: “Therefore”; Notes: Introduces the consequence of prior actions or words.
2. הִנְנִ֔י (hineni) – Root: הנה; Form: Interjection with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “Behold, I”; Notes: Emphatic divine self-reference indicating imminent action.
3. וְנָשִׁ֥יתִי (ve-nashiti) – Root: נשה; Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “and I will lift up” or “and I will carry away”; Notes: Wordplay here likely reflects lifting in judgment, exile, or burden removal.
4. אֶתְכֶ֖ם (etkhem) – Root: את; Form: Definite direct object marker + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “you”; Notes: Refers to the people of Yisraʾel.
5. נָשֹׁ֑א (naso) – Root: נשא; Form: Infinitive absolute; Translation: “surely lift” or “lift indeed”; Notes: Used to intensify the preceding finite verb (נשׁיתי) for emphasis.
6. וְנָטַשְׁתִּ֣י (ve-natashti) – Root: נטש; Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “and I will forsake”; Notes: Indicates abandonment, often in covenantal or protective terms.
7. אֶתְכֶ֗ם (etkhem) – Root: את; Form: Definite direct object marker + 2nd person masculine plural suffix (repeated); Translation: “you”; Notes: Emphasized by repetition for judgment effect.
8. וְאֶת־הָעִיר (ve-et ha-ʿir) – Root: עיר; Form: Conjunction + definite direct object marker + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and the city”; Notes: Refers to Yerushalayim (Jerusalem), the city under divine judgment.
9. אֲשֶׁ֨ר (asher) – Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces the relative clause about the city’s divine gift.
10. נָתַ֧תִּי (natatti) – Root: נתן; Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I gave”; Notes: Refers to divine gift of the city as covenant inheritance.
11. לָכֶ֛ם (lakhem) – Root: ל־; Form: Preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to you”; Notes: Addressed to the current generation.
12. וְלַאֲבֹותֵיכֶ֖ם (ve-laʾavotekhem) – Root: אב; Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine plural with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and to your fathers”; Notes: Appeals to ancestral covenantal history.
13. מֵעַ֥ל פָּנָֽי (meʿal panai) – Root: על + פנה; Form: Preposition + noun masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “from before My face”; Notes: Expression of divine rejection or removal from presence.