עָזַ֥ב כַּכְּפִ֖יר סֻכֹּ֑ו כִּֽי־הָיְתָ֤ה אַרְצָם֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה מִפְּנֵי֙ חֲרֹ֣ון הַיֹּונָ֔ה וּמִפְּנֵ֖י חֲרֹ֥ון אַפֹּֽו׃ פ
Like a young lion he has left his covert, for their land became a desolation because of the burning anger of the oppressor, and because of the fierceness of His wrath.”
Morphology
- עָזַ֥ב (ʿazav) – Root: עזב (ʿazav); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he has left”; Notes: Describes forsaking or abandoning.
- כַּכְּפִ֖יר (ka-kefir) – Root: כפיר (kefir); Form: Preposition כְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “like a young lion”; Notes: Simile for strength, danger, or fear.
- סֻכֹּ֑ו (sukko) – Root: סכך (sakhakh); Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his covert”; Notes: A thicket or hiding place for the lion.
- כִּי־הָיְתָה (ki-hayetah) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “for became”; Notes: Introduces reason and describes a state.
- אַרְצָם (artsam) – Root: ארץ (ʾaretz); Form: Noun feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their land”; Notes: Refers to the people or nation being judged.
- לְשַׁמָּה (le-shammah) – Root: שׁמה (shammah); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “for desolation”; Notes: Indicates a state of ruin and devastation.
- מִפְּנֵי (mi-penei) – Root: פנה (panah); Form: Preposition + construct plural noun; Translation: “because of” or “from before”; Notes: Introduces the cause.
- חֲרֹון (ḥaron) – Root: חרה (ḥarah); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “burning” or “fury”; Notes: Often used for divine wrath.
- הַיֹּונָה (ha-yonah) – Root: ינה or interpreted from context as יון; Form: Definite noun; Translation: “the oppressor” (possibly textual variant or poetic name); Notes: Likely not “the dove” here; may refer to a fierce agent of judgment.
- וּמִפְּנֵי (u-mi-penei) – Root: פנה (panah); Form: Conjunction + preposition + construct; Translation: “and because of”; Notes: Repeats the cause with intensification.
- חֲרֹון (ḥaron) – Root: חרה (ḥarah); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “fury” or “burning anger”; Notes: Amplifies the emotional force of divine anger.
- אַפֹּו (appo) – Root: אף (ʾaf); Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His nose” or “His anger”; Notes: Idiomatic for wrath—“fury of His anger.”
- פ (pe) – Form: Masoretic accent (parashah petuḥah); Translation: [no translation]; Notes: Indicates an open paragraph or section break.