Jeremiah 48:10

אָר֗וּר עֹשֶׂ֛ה מְלֶ֥אכֶת יְהוָ֖ה רְמִיָּ֑ה וְאָר֕וּר מֹנֵ֥עַ חַרְבֹּ֖ו מִדָּֽם׃

Cursed is he who does the work of YHWH deceitfully, and cursed is he who holds back his sword from blood.

Morphology

1. אָרוּר (ʾarur) – Root: ארר; Form: Qal passive participle masculine singular; Translation: “cursed”; Notes: Introduces divine judgment formula.
2. עֹשֶׂה (ʿoseh) – Root: עשׂה; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “the one who does”; Notes: Ongoing action described in general terms.
3. מְלֶאכֶת (meleʾkhet) – Root: מלאך / מלאכה; Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “the work of”; Notes: Refers to a task or duty assigned by YHWH.
4. יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: Divine name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Source of the commission being neglected.
5. רְמִיָּה (remiyyah) – Root: רמה; Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “deceit / slackness”; Notes: Can mean negligence or treachery in carrying out YHWH’s work.
6. וְאָרוּר (ve-ʾarur) – Root: ארר; Form: Conjunction + Qal passive participle masculine singular; Translation: “and cursed”; Notes: Parallel malediction reinforcing the first.
7. מֹנֵעַ (moneaʿ) – Root: מנע; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “the one who holds back”; Notes: Describes intentional restraint.
8. חַרְבּוֹ (ḥarbo) – Root: חרב; Form: Noun feminine singular + 3ms suffix; Translation: “his sword”; Notes: Instrument of judgment in warfare.
9. מִדָּם (mi-dam) – Root: דם; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “from blood”; Notes: Refers to withholding violence when divinely commanded.