נֻ֤סוּ הָפְנוּ֙ הֶעְמִ֣יקוּ לָשֶׁ֔בֶת יֹשְׁבֵ֖י דְּדָ֑ן כִּ֣י אֵ֥יד עֵשָׂ֛ו הֵבֵ֥אתִי עָלָ֖יו עֵ֥ת פְּקַדְתִּֽיו׃
Flee, turn back, dwell deep, O inhabitants of Dedan, for the calamity of ʿEsav I have brought upon him, the time when I punish him.
Morphology
- נֻסוּ (nusu) – Root: נוס; Form: Qal imperative masculine plural; Translation: “flee!”; Notes: Command for urgent escape.
- הָפְנוּ (hofnu) – Root: פנה; Form: Qal imperative masculine plural; Translation: “turn back!”; Notes: Urging retreat or change of direction.
- הֶעְמִיקוּ (heʿmiku) – Root: עמק; Form: Hifil imperative masculine plural; Translation: “dwell deep!”; Notes: Call to seek refuge in remote or hidden places.
- לָשֶׁבֶת (la-shevet) – Root: ישׁב; Form: Preposition לְ + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to dwell”; Notes: Explains the purpose of retreat—finding safety.
- יֹשְׁבֵי (yoshevei) – Root: ישׁב; Form: Qal participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “inhabitants of”; Notes: Addressed vocatively.
- דְּדָן (Dedan) – Root: —; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dedan”; Notes: A trading people in Arabia, here warned of judgment.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason for flight.
- אֵיד (ʾed) – Root: איד; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “calamity”; Notes: Refers to disaster decreed by YHWH.
- עֵשָׂו (ʿEsaw) – Root: —; Form: Proper noun, personal name; Translation: “ʿEsaw (Esau)”; Notes: Ancestor of Edom, representing the nation.
- הֵבֵאתִי (heveʾti) – Root: בוא; Form: Hifil perfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I have brought”; Notes: YHWH as the agent of calamity.
- עָלָיו (ʿalayv) – Root: —; Form: Preposition עַל + third person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “upon him”; Notes: Directs calamity toward Esau/Edom.
- עֵת (ʿet) – Root: —; Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “the time”; Notes: Marks the appointed season of judgment.
- פְּקַדְתִּיו (peqadtiyv) – Root: פקד; Form: Qal perfect 1st person common singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “I punish him / I attend to him”; Notes: Divine visitation in judgment against Esau/Edom.