לְקֵדָ֣ר וּֽלְמַמְלְכֹ֣ות חָצֹ֗ור אֲשֶׁ֤ר הִכָּה֙ נבוכדראצור מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֔ל כֹּ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה ק֚וּמוּ עֲל֣וּ אֶל־קֵדָ֔ר וְשָׁדְד֖וּ אֶת־בְּנֵי־קֶֽדֶם׃
* כ נְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּו֣ר
* ק נְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֣ר
Concerning Qedar and the kingdoms of Ḥaṣor which Nevukhadretstsar king of Bavel struck, thus says YHWH: Rise up, go up against Qedar, and plunder the sons of the east.
Morphology
- לְקֵדָר (le-Qedar) – Root: קדר; Form: Preposition לְ + proper noun; Translation: “concerning Qedar / to Qedar”; Notes: Nomadic Ishmaelite tribe of Arabia, famous for tents and flocks.
- וּלְמַמְלְכֹות (u-le-mamlakhot) – Root: מלך; Form: Conjunction + plural noun feminine construct; Translation: “and the kingdoms of”; Notes: Refers to groups of small tribal states or chiefdoms.
- חָצֹור (Ḥaṣor) – Root: חצר; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Ḥaṣor”; Notes: Likely a collective for unwalled villages in Arabia, not the Canaanite city of the same name.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשׁר; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces relative clause about Nebukadretṣor.
- הִכָּה (hikkah) – Root: נכה; Form: Hiphil perfect 3ms; Translation: “he struck / smote”; Notes: Refers to military conquest.
- נבוכדראצור (Nebukadretṣor) – Root: Akkadian loan; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Nebukadretṣor (Nebuchadnezzar)”; Notes: Babylonian king (605–562 BC).
- מֶלֶךְ־בָּבֶל (melekh-Bavel) – Root: מלך + בבל; Form: Noun construct + proper noun; Translation: “king of Bavel (Babylon)”; Notes: Babylon is the imperial power executing judgment.
- כֹּה (koh) – Root: כה; Form: Adverb; Translation: “thus”; Notes: Introduces prophetic formula.
- אָמַר (ʾamar) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “says / said”; Notes: Refers to prophetic utterance.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה; Form: Proper noun, divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name of Israel’s God, source of the decree.
- קֻמוּ (qumu) – Root: קום; Form: Qal imperative 2mp; Translation: “Rise up”; Notes: Call to action, directed to attacking forces.
- עֲלוּ (ʿalu) – Root: עלה; Form: Qal imperative 2mp; Translation: “go up”; Notes: Military idiom for marching to attack.
- אֶל־קֵדָר (ʾel-Qedar) – Root: קדר; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “against Qedar”; Notes: Repetition for emphasis, showing targeted judgment.
- וְשָׁדְדוּ (ve-shodedu) – Root: שׁדד; Form: Qal imperative 2mp with conjunction; Translation: “and plunder”; Notes: Common prophetic judgment verb, describing violent despoiling.
- אֶת־בְּנֵי־ (ʾet-benei) – Root: בן; Form: Direct object marker + construct noun plural; Translation: “the sons of”; Notes: Refers collectively to members of a tribe or people.
- קֶדֶם (Qedem) – Root: קדם; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “the east”; Notes: Ethnonym “sons of the east” = nomadic tribes of the Arabian desert.