Jeremiah 50:3

כִּ֣י עָלָה֩ עָלֶ֨יהָ גֹּ֜וי מִצָּפֹ֗ון הֽוּא־יָשִׁ֤ית אֶת־אַרְצָהּ֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה יֹושֵׁ֖ב בָּ֑הּ מֵאָדָ֥ם וְעַד־בְּהֵמָ֖ה נָ֥דוּ הָלָֽכוּ׃

For a nation has come up against her from the north, it shall make her land a desolation, and there shall not be one dwelling in her, from man even to beast they have wandered, they have gone.

Morphology

1. כִּי (ki) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces the reason for Babylon’s downfall.
2. עָלָה (ʿalah) – Root: עלה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “has come up”; Notes: Describes the hostile movement of the nation.
3. עָלֶיהָ (ʿaleha) – Root: על; Form: Preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix; Translation: “against her”; Notes: Refers to Babylon personified as feminine.
4. גּוֹי (goy) – Root: גוי; Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “a nation”; Notes: The invading power from the north.
5. מִצָּפוֹן (mi-tsafon) – Root: צפון; Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular; Translation: “from the north”; Notes: Prophetic imagery of invasion from the north, often symbolizing judgment.
6. הוּא (hu) – Root: —; Form: Independent pronoun, masculine singular; Translation: “it”; Notes: Refers back to the nation.
7. יָשִׁית (yashit) – Root: שׁית; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “shall set/make”; Notes: Predictive action: the nation will render the land desolate.
8. אֶת־אַרְצָהּ (et-artzah) – Root: ארץ; Form: Noun feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix, with accusative marker; Translation: “her land”; Notes: Direct object of יָשִׁית.
9. לְשַׁמָּה (le-shammah) – Root: שׁמם; Form: Preposition לְ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “to desolation”; Notes: Indicates result or purpose of the devastation.
10. וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: לא; Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Negates the following verb clause.
11. יִהְיֶה (yihyeh) – Root: היה; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “shall be”; Notes: Future tense, emphasizes total absence.
12. יֹושֵׁב (yoshev) – Root: ישׁב; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “one dwelling”; Notes: Indicates ongoing habitation—denied here.
13. בָּהּ (bah) – Root: ב; Form: Preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix; Translation: “in her”; Notes: Refers again to the land (Babylon).
14. מֵאָדָם (me-adam) – Root: אדם; Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular; Translation: “from man”; Notes: Indicates inclusiveness starting with humanity.
15. וְעַד (ve-ʿad) – Root: עד; Form: Conjunction + preposition; Translation: “and up to”; Notes: Extends the scope from man to animal.
16. בְּהֵמָה (be-hemah) – Root: בהמה; Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “beast”; Notes: Refers to domestic animals or cattle.
17. נָדוּ (nadu) – Root: נדד; Form: Qal perfect 3rd common plural; Translation: “they have wandered”; Notes: Verb expressing forced flight or scattering.
18. הָלָכוּ (halakhu) – Root: הלך; Form: Qal perfect 3rd common plural; Translation: “they have gone”; Notes: Parallel verb reinforcing the exile of both man and beast.