עֶרְוַת־אָ֖ב גִּלָּה־בָ֑ךְ טְמֵאַ֥ת הַנִּדָּ֖ה עִנּוּ־בָֽךְ׃
The nakedness of a father was uncovered in you; the impurity of menstruation they afflicted in you.
Morphology
- עֶרְוַת (ʿervat) – Root: ערה (ʿarah); Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “the nakedness of”; Notes: Refers to sexual immorality, here incestuous sin.
- אָב (ʾav) – Root: אב (ʾav); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “a father”; Notes: Object of the incestuous violation.
- גִּלָּה (gillah) – Root: גלה (galah); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he uncovered”; Notes: Euphemism for illicit sexual activity, especially incest.
- בָךְ (bakh) – Root: ב; Form: Preposition בְ + second person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “in you”; Notes: Refers to the city of Jerusalem as the locus of sin.
- טְמֵאַת (ṭemeʾat) – Root: טמא (ṭameʾ); Form: Adjective feminine singular construct; Translation: “the impurity of”; Notes: Refers to ritual uncleanness associated with menstruation.
- הַנִּדָּה (ha-niddah) – Root: נדד (nadad, from sense of separation); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the menstruation”; Notes: Technical term in Torah law for the state of impurity during menstruation.
- עִנּוּ (ʿinnu) – Root: ענה (ʿanah); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person common plural; Translation: “they afflicted”; Notes: Denotes humiliation or abusive action.
- בָךְ (bakh) – Root: ב; Form: Preposition בְ + second person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “in you”; Notes: Again locates the sins within Jerusalem.