Ezekiel 30:12

וְנָתַתִּ֤י יְאֹרִים֙ חָֽרָבָ֔ה וּמָכַרְתִּ֥י אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ בְּיַד־רָעִ֑ים וַהֲשִׁמֹּתִ֞י אֶ֤רֶץ וּמְלֹאָהּ֙ בְּיַד־זָרִ֔ים אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבַּֽרְתִּי׃ ס

And I will make the rivers desolate, and I will sell the land into the hand of evil men, and I will make the land and its fullness desolate by the hand of foreigners; I, YHWH, have spoken.”

Morphology

1. וְנָתַתִּי (ve-natatti) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular with conjunction וְ; Translation: “and I will make”; Notes: Here used with the sense of “appoint” or “set,” indicating divine agency in transforming Egypt’s rivers.
2. יְאֹרִים (yeʾorim) – Root: יאור (yeʾor); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “rivers”; Notes: Refers specifically to the Nile branches and canals of Mitsrayim, the lifeblood of its economy.
3. חָרָבָה (ḥaravah) – Root: חרב (ḥarav); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “desolation” or “dryness”; Notes: Indicates a divine drying up of Egypt’s fertility and prosperity.
4. וּמָכַרְתִּי (u-makharti) – Root: מכר (makhar); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular with conjunction וּ; Translation: “and I will sell”; Notes: Metaphorical—YHWH delivers the land into the power of others, as if selling it to invaders.
5. אֶת־הָאָרֶץ (ʾet-ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Direct object marker + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Refers to the territory of Mitsrayim under judgment.
6. בְּיַד־רָעִים (be-yad raʿim) – Root: רע (raʿ); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular construct + adjective masculine plural; Translation: “into the hand of evil men”; Notes: Describes the oppressors or wicked conquerors, likely the Babylonians.
7. וַהֲשִׁמֹּתִי (va-hashimmoti) – Root: שׁמם (shamam); Form: Hiphil perfect 1st person singular with conjunction וַ; Translation: “and I will make desolate”; Notes: Causative verb emphasizing YHWH’s active role in bringing ruin.
8. אֶרֶץ (ʾerets) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Used here generically, but contextually denotes Mitsrayim.
9. וּמְלֹאָהּ (u-meloʾah) – Root: מלא (maleʾ); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + suffix 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and its fullness”; Notes: Refers to Egypt’s people, wealth, and produce—everything within its borders.
10. בְּיַד־זָרִים (be-yad zarim) – Root: זר (zar); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular construct + adjective masculine plural; Translation: “into the hand of foreigners”; Notes: Indicates foreign domination—Egypt’s fate rests in the control of alien powers.
11. אֲנִי (ani) – Root: —; Form: Independent pronoun 1st person singular; Translation: “I”; Notes: Emphasizes divine personal agency and certainty of fulfillment.
12. יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (havah); Form: Proper noun (Tetragrammaton); Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of God, underscoring the authoritative origin of the prophecy.
13. דִּבַּרְתִּי (dibbarti) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Piel perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I have spoken”; Notes: A formula of irrevocable divine decree—YHWH’s word guarantees fulfillment.