ה֠וּא וְעַמֹּ֤ו אִתֹּו֙ עָרִיצֵ֣י גֹויִ֔ם מֽוּבָאִ֖ים לְשַׁחֵ֣ת הָאָ֑רֶץ וְהֵרִ֤יקוּ חַרְבֹותָם֙ עַל־מִצְרַ֔יִם וּמָלְא֥וּ אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ חָלָֽל׃
He and his people with him, the ruthless of nations, are brought to destroy the land; and they shall draw out their swords against Mitsrayim and fill the land with the slain.
Morphology
- הוּא (hu) – Root: —; Form: Independent pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “he”; Notes: Refers to Nevukhadretstsar, king of Bavel, the subject of divine commission.
- וְעַמּוֹ (ve-ʿammo) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and his people”; Notes: Refers to the Babylonian army accompanying the king.
- אִתּוֹ (itto) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Preposition + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “with him”; Notes: Indicates close association or accompaniment.
- עָרִיצֵי (ʿaritsei) – Root: ערץ (ʿarats); Form: Adjective masculine plural construct; Translation: “the ruthless” or “terrible ones”; Notes: Describes the Babylonians as fierce and violent warriors.
- גֹויִם (goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Noun masculine plural absolute; Translation: “nations”; Notes: Denotes foreign peoples; the Babylonians comprised troops from multiple subjugated nations.
- מֻובָאִים (muvāʾim) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Hophal participle masculine plural; Translation: “brought”; Notes: Passive participle implying divine causation—brought by YHWH to fulfill His judgment.
- לְשַׁחֵת (le-shaḥet) – Root: שׁחת (shaḥat); Form: Infinitive construct Piel; Translation: “to destroy”; Notes: Intensive stem emphasizing complete devastation of the land.
- הָאָרֶץ (ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Noun feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Refers to Egypt (Mitsrayim), the object of destruction.
- וְהֵרִיקוּ (ve-heriku) – Root: ריק (riq); Form: Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine plural with conjunction וְ; Translation: “and they shall draw out”; Notes: Causative action of unsheathing swords, preparing for battle.
- חַרְבֹותָם (ḥarbōtam) – Root: חרב (ḥerev); Form: Noun feminine plural + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “their swords”; Notes: Symbol of war and divine judgment.
- עַל־מִצְרַיִם (ʿal-Mitsrayim) – Root: מצרים (Mitsrayim); Form: Preposition עַל + proper noun; Translation: “against Mitsrayim (Egypt)”; Notes: Indicates the target of the military action.
- וּמָלְאוּ (u-malʾu) – Root: מלא (maleʾ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural with conjunction וּ; Translation: “and they shall fill”; Notes: Describes the result of widespread slaughter.
- אֶת־הָאָרֶץ (ʾet-ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Direct object marker + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the land”; Notes: The extent of the destruction—Egypt’s territory.
- חָלָל (ḥalal) – Root: חלל (ḥalal); Form: Noun masculine singular collective; Translation: “with the slain”; Notes: Collective term for the dead in battle, emphasizing the completeness of judgment.