Ezekiel 32:8

כָּל־מְאֹ֤ורֵי אֹור֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֔יִם אַקְדִּירֵ֖ם עָלֶ֑יךָ וְנָתַ֤תִּי חֹ֨שֶׁךְ֙ עַֽל־אַרְצְךָ֔ נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃

All the lights of light in the heavens I will darken over you, and I will set darkness upon your land,” declares the Lord YHWH.

Morphology

1. כָּל־ (kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “all of”; Notes: Introduces a totalizing statement including all sources of light.
2. מְאֹורֵי (me’orei) – Root: מאור (ma’or); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “lights of”; Notes: Refers to luminaries or sources of illumination, such as stars or celestial lights.
3. אֹור (ʾor) – Root: אור (ʾor); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “light”; Notes: Denotes brightness or illumination, the natural counterpart of darkness.
4. בַּשָּׁמַיִם (ba-shamayim) – Root: שָׁמַיִם (shamayim); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine plural (dual form by morphology); Translation: “in the heavens”; Notes: Indicates the location of the celestial bodies subject to darkening.
5. אַקְדִּירֵם (ʾakdirem) – Root: קדר (qadar); Form: Hifil imperfect 1st person common singular with suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “I will darken them”; Notes: The Hifil stem conveys causation—YHWH will cause all heavenly lights to grow dark.
6. עָלֶיךָ (ʿalekha) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition עַל + suffix 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “over you”; Notes: Expresses the direction of judgment, implying domination or overshadowing darkness upon the addressee.
7. וְנָתַתִּי (ve-natatti) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal perfect 1st person common singular with prefixed conjunction וְ; Translation: “and I will set”; Notes: Indicates YHWH’s intentional act of establishing or imposing darkness.
8. חֹשֶׁךְ (ḥoshekh) – Root: חשׁך (ḥashakh); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “darkness”; Notes: Symbol of judgment, loss of guidance, or divine withdrawal of light.
9. עַל־ (ʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition עַל; Translation: “upon”; Notes: Marks the object affected by the darkness—“your land.”
10. אַרְצְךָ (artsekha) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Noun feminine singular with suffix 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “your land”; Notes: Refers to the domain of the addressed nation or ruler under divine judgment.
11. נְאֻם (neʾum) – Root: נאם (naʾam); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “utterance” or “declaration”; Notes: A technical prophetic term marking the authority of a divine pronouncement.
12. אֲדֹנָי (ʾadonai) – Root: אדון (ʾadon); Form: Noun masculine plural with 1st person singular possessive ending (used as a title); Translation: “Lord”; Notes: A reverential title of YHWH indicating sovereign authority.
13. יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (hwh); Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenantal name of the God of Yisraʾel, affirming divine agency in the cosmic darkening.