קִינָ֥ה הִיא֙ וְקֹ֣ונְנ֔וּהָ בְּנֹ֥ות הַגֹּויִ֖ם תְּקֹונֵ֣נָּה אֹותָ֑הּ עַל־מִצְרַ֤יִם וְעַל־כָּל־הֲמֹונָהּ֙ תְּקֹונֵ֣נָּה אֹותָ֔הּ נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ פ
A lament it is, and they shall lament her; the daughters of the nations shall lament her, over Mitsrayim and over all her multitude they shall lament her,” declares the Lord YHWH.’”
Morphology
- קִינָה (qinah) – Root: קונ (qin); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “lamentation”; Notes: A dirge or mourning song, often used in prophetic texts to mark national tragedy or divine judgment.
- הִיא (hi) – Root: הוא (hu / hi); Form: Independent pronoun feminine singular; Translation: “it is”; Notes: Affirms the preceding noun—“It is indeed a lament.”
- וְקֹונְנוּהָ (ve-qonenuha) – Root: קונ (qon); Form: Conjunction וְ + Piel imperative 2nd person masculine plural + suffix 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and lament her”; Notes: A command calling on mourners to take up the lamentation; the Piel form intensifies the act of wailing or singing mournfully.
- בְּנֹות (benot) – Root: בת (bat); Form: Noun feminine plural construct; Translation: “daughters of”; Notes: Common idiom meaning “female inhabitants” or “representative women” of the nations.
- הַגֹּויִם (ha-goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Definite noun masculine plural with article הַ; Translation: “the nations”; Notes: Refers to foreign peoples collectively; the plural emphasizes an international mourning.
- תְּקֹונֵנָה (teqonenah) – Root: קונ (qon); Form: Piel imperfect 3rd person feminine plural; Translation: “they shall lament”; Notes: Expresses future or habitual action—daughters of nations will continue lamenting Mitsrayim’s downfall.
- אֹותָהּ (otah) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object pronoun feminine singular; Translation: “her”; Notes: Refers to Mitsrayim (Egypt), the subject of lamentation.
- עַל־ (ʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition עַל; Translation: “over / upon”; Notes: Marks the object or subject of mourning—over whom the lamentation is raised.
- מִצְרַיִם (Mitsrayim) – Root: מצר (mtsr); Form: Proper noun, dual form; Translation: “Mitsrayim” (Egypt); Notes: The focus of the lament, representing national ruin under YHWH’s judgment.
- וְעַל־ (ve-ʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition עַל; Translation: “and over”; Notes: Links the next object of lament to Mitsrayim.
- כָּל־ (kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “all of”; Notes: Indicates comprehensiveness—all that belongs to Mitsrayim.
- הֲמֹונָהּ (hamonah) – Root: המון (hamon); Form: Noun masculine singular with suffix 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “her multitude”; Notes: Refers to the people, wealth, and power of Mitsrayim—all included in the lament.
- תְּקֹונֵנָה (teqonenah) – Root: קונ (qon); Form: Piel imperfect 3rd person feminine plural; Translation: “they shall lament”; Notes: Repetition for emphasis; denotes persistent or communal mourning.
- אֹותָהּ (otah) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object pronoun feminine singular; Translation: “her”; Notes: Repeated pronoun for poetic emphasis, underscoring the grief directed toward Mitsrayim.
- נְאֻם (neʾum) – Root: נאם (naʾam); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “utterance” or “declaration”; Notes: Prophetic formula signaling that this pronouncement is a divine decree.
- אֲדֹנָי (ʾadonai) – Root: אדון (ʾadon); Form: Noun masculine plural with 1st person singular possessive ending (used as a title); Translation: “Lord”; Notes: Title expressing divine sovereignty and authority.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (hwh); Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The personal covenant name of God, concluding the prophetic utterance with divine authority.