Ezekiel 33:28

וְנָתַתִּ֤י אֶת־הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ שְׁמָמָ֣ה וּמְשַׁמָּ֔ה וְנִשְׁבַּ֖ת גְּאֹ֣ון עֻזָּ֑הּ וְשָֽׁמְמ֛וּ הָרֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵאֵ֥ין עֹובֵֽר׃

And I will make the land desolate and waste, and the pride of her strength shall cease, and the mountains of Yisraʾel shall be desolate, with none passing through.

Morphology

1. וְנָתַתִּי (ve-natatti) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “and I will make / I will give”; Notes: Expresses divine agency; YHWH Himself will bring about the desolation of the land.
2. אֶת־הָאָרֶץ (et-ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Direct object marker אֶת + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Refers to the land of Yisraʾel under covenantal judgment.
3. שְׁמָמָה (shemamah) – Root: שׁמם (shamam); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “desolation”; Notes: A strong term for utter ruin, often used in prophetic contexts of divine punishment.
4. וּמְשַׁמָּה (u-meshammah) – Root: שׁמם (shamam); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun feminine singular (intensive form); Translation: “and waste”; Notes: The doubling emphasizes total devastation—both physical and spiritual.
5. וְנִשְׁבַּת (ve-nishbat) – Root: שׁבת (shavat); Form: Conjunction וְ + Nifal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and shall cease”; Notes: The Nifal voice indicates passive cessation—YHWH causes the end of her prideful might.
6. גְּאֹון (geʾon) – Root: גאה (gaʾah); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “the pride”; Notes: Refers to arrogance or self-exaltation—often symbolic of human defiance against YHWH.
7. עֻזָּהּ (uzzah) – Root: עזז (ʿazaz); Form: Noun feminine singular + suffix 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “her strength”; Notes: Denotes military or political power of the land—YHWH will silence its boasting.
8. וְשָׁמְמוּ (ve-shamemu) – Root: שׁמם (shamam); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “and they shall be desolate”; Notes: Refers to the mountains, emphasizing the visible sign of national devastation.
9. הָרֵי (harei) – Root: הר (har); Form: Noun masculine plural construct (definite); Translation: “the mountains of”; Notes: Often symbolizes the entire land or the high places associated with idolatrous worship.
10. יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Represents both the people and the land as the covenant nation judged by YHWH.
11. מֵאֵין (me-ʾein) – Root: אין (ʾein); Form: Preposition מִן + negative existential particle; Translation: “from none / with none”; Notes: Denotes absence—no one remains to traverse the land.
12. עֹובֵר (ʿover) – Root: עבר (ʿavar); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “passing through”; Notes: Describes total depopulation—no traveler or inhabitant remains on the desolated mountains.