וְֽיָדַעְתָּ֮ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָה֒ שָׁמַ֣עְתִּי אֶת־כָּל־נָאָֽצֹותֶ֗יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָמַ֛רְתָּ עַל־הָרֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֣ר שֶׂמָמָה לָ֥נוּ נִתְּנ֖וּ לְאָכְלָֽה׃
And you shall know that I am YHWH; I have heard all your blasphemies which you have spoken against the mountains of Yisraʾel, saying, ‘They are desolate, they have been given to us for food.’
Morphology
- וְיָדַעְתָּ (ve-yadaʿta) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “and you shall know”; Notes: Recurrent in Ezekiel, expressing recognition of YHWH’s identity through judgment.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces the content of what Edom will come to know.
- אֲנִי (ʾani) – Root: אני (ʾani); Form: Independent pronoun 1st person singular; Translation: “I”; Notes: Emphasizes YHWH’s personal involvement in retribution.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of the God of Yisraʾel, revealed in judgment.
- שָׁמַעְתִּי (shamaʿti) – Root: שׁמע (shamaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I have heard”; Notes: YHWH asserts firsthand awareness of Edom’s blasphemous words.
- אֶת (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker; Translation: [no direct translation]; Notes: Marks כָּל־נָאָצֹותֶיךָ as the object of “I have heard.”
- כָּל־נָאָצֹותֶיךָ (kol-naʾatsōteikha) – Root: נאץ (naʾats); Form: Noun feminine plural construct + suffix 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “all your blasphemies”; Notes: Refers to Edom’s contemptuous or mocking words against YHWH’s people and land.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces the relative clause describing the content of the blasphemies.
- אָמַרְתָּ (ʾamarta) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you have spoken”; Notes: Refers to Edom’s arrogant speech against Yisraʾel’s inheritance.
- עַל־הָרֵי (ʿal-ha-harei) – Root: הר (har); Form: Preposition עַל + definite noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “against the mountains of”; Notes: Denotes hostility or opposition directed toward Yisraʾel’s highlands.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers collectively to the people and land of YHWH’s covenant nation.
- לֵאמֹר (leʾemor) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Preposition לְ + infinitive construct; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Introduces direct speech expressing Edom’s claim over the land.
- שֶׂמָמָה (shemamah) – Root: שׁמם (shamam); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “a desolation”; Notes: Edom mocks the ruin of Yisraʾel’s land, interpreting it as opportunity for plunder.
- לָנוּ (lanu) – Root: ל (lamed); Form: Preposition לְ + suffix 1st person plural; Translation: “to us” or “for us”; Notes: Expresses Edom’s sense of entitlement to the abandoned land.
- נִתְּנוּ (nittenu) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “they have been given”; Notes: Passive voice—Edom perceives divine or fated transfer of land ownership.
- לְאָכְלָה (le-okhlah) – Root: אכל (ʾakhal); Form: Preposition לְ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “for food”; Notes: Figurative for consumption or exploitation—Edom intends to devour the land’s resources.