לָכֵ֣ן חַי־אָ֗נִי נְאֻם֮ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֒ וְעָשִׂ֗יתִי כְּאַפְּךָ֙ וּכְקִנְאָ֣תְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֔יתָה מִשִּׂנְאָתֶ֖יךָ בָּ֑ם וְנֹודַ֥עְתִּי בָ֖ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר אֶשְׁפְּטֶֽךָ׃
Therefore, as I live,” declares my Lord YHWH, “I will act according to your anger and according to your jealousy which you have acted out of your hatred against them, and I will make myself known among them when I judge you.
Morphology
- לָכֵן (lakhen) – Root: כן (khen); Form: Adverb; Translation: “therefore”; Notes: Introduces a divine response or consequence following Edom’s hostile actions.
- חַי־אָ֗נִי (ḥay ʾani) – Root: חיה (ḥayah); Form: Adjective + pronoun 1st person singular; Translation: “as I live”; Notes: Divine oath formula affirming the certainty of YHWH’s declaration.
- נְאֻם (neʾum) – Root: נאם (naʾam); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “utterance” or “declaration”; Notes: Prophetic formula introducing YHWH’s direct speech.
- אֲדֹנָי (ʾadonay) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Noun masculine plural of majesty; Translation: “my Lord”; Notes: A reverential title used of YHWH as sovereign ruler.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of God, highlighting divine authority and faithfulness in judgment.
- וְעָשִׂיתִי (ve-ʿasiti) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “and I will act”; Notes: Expresses YHWH’s active retribution against Edom.
- כְּאַפְּךָ (ke-ʾapekha) – Root: אף (ʾaf); Form: Preposition כְּ + noun masculine singular construct + suffix 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “according to your anger”; Notes: Indicates divine response in proportion to Edom’s own fury.
- וּכְקִנְאָתְךָ (u-ke-qinʾatekha) – Root: קנא (qanaʾ); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition כְּ + noun feminine singular construct + suffix 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “and according to your jealousy”; Notes: Denotes the envy or zeal Edom directed toward Yisraʾel.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause explaining the basis of divine retribution.
- עָשִׂיתָה (ʿasitah) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you have acted”; Notes: Refers to Edom’s actions motivated by hatred and jealousy against Yisraʾel.
- מִשִּׂנְאָתֶיךָ (mi-sinʾatekha) – Root: שׂנא (saneʾ); Form: Preposition מִן + noun feminine singular construct + suffix 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “out of your hatred”; Notes: Expresses the motive behind Edom’s hostility.
- בָּם (bam) – Root: ב (bet); Form: Preposition בְּ + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “against them”; Notes: Refers to the people of Yisraʾel and Yehudah whom Edom opposed.
- וְנֹודַעְתִּי (ve-nōdaʿti) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Conjunction וְ + Niphal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “and I will make myself known”; Notes: The Niphal stem is passive-reflexive—YHWH will reveal His justice through judgment.
- בָּם (bam) – Root: ב (bet); Form: Preposition בְּ + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “among them”; Notes: Indicates the sphere of YHWH’s revelation—His judgment will be witnessed among the nations.
- כַּאֲשֶׁר (kaʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Preposition כְּ + relative pronoun; Translation: “as” or “when”; Notes: Introduces the manner clause describing the timing or means of YHWH’s self-revelation.
- אֶשְׁפְּטֶךָ (ʾeshpotecha) – Root: שׁפט (shafat); Form: Qal imperfect 1st person singular + suffix 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “I judge you”; Notes: Expresses YHWH’s personal execution of justice—Edom will experience divine retribution directly.