Ezekiel 36:17

בֶּן־אָדָ֗ם בֵּ֤ית יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יֹשְׁבִ֣ים עַל־אַדְמָתָ֔ם וַיְטַמְּא֣וּ אֹותָ֔הּ בְּדַרְכָּ֖ם וּבַעֲלִֽילֹותָ֑ם כְּטֻמְאַת֙ הַנִּדָּ֔ה הָיְתָ֥ה דַרְכָּ֖ם לְפָנָֽי׃

“Son of man, the house of Yisraʾel dwelt upon their land, and they defiled it by their way and by their deeds; their way was before Me as the uncleanness of a woman in her impurity.

 

Morphology

  1. בֶּן־אָדָם (ben-adam) – Root: אדם (adam); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “Son of man”; Notes: Divine address to the prophet Yeḥezqel, emphasizing his humanity in contrast to divine revelation.
  2. בֵּית (beit) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “house of”; Notes: Construct phrase linking to “Yisraʾel.”
  3. יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers collectively to the covenant nation dwelling in the Promised Land.
  4. יֹשְׁבִים (yoshvim) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “dwelling” or “inhabiting”; Notes: Describes their settled state prior to defilement.
  5. עַל־אַדְמָתָם (ʿal-admatam) – Root: אדמה (adamah); Form: Preposition עַל + noun feminine singular construct + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “upon their land”; Notes: Refers to the land of Yisraʾel, their divinely given inheritance.
  6. וַיְטַמְּאוּ (va-yetammeʾu) – Root: טמא (ṭamaʾ); Form: Conjunction וְ + Piel wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they defiled”; Notes: Intensive stem emphasizing the seriousness of their moral and ritual defilement.
  7. אֹותָהּ (otah) – Root: —; Form: Direct object marker אֵת + suffix 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “it”; Notes: Refers to the land as the object of defilement.
  8. בְּדַרְכָּם (be-darkam) – Root: דרך (derekh); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular construct + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “by their way”; Notes: Refers to their conduct or manner of life that defiled the land.
  9. וּבַעֲלִילוֹתָם (u-vaʿalilotam) – Root: עלל (ʿalal); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition בְּ + noun feminine plural + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and by their deeds”; Notes: Refers to their evil actions or practices which brought impurity upon the land.
  10. כְּטֻמְאַת (ke-tumʾat) – Root: טמא (ṭamaʾ); Form: Preposition כְּ + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “as the uncleanness of”; Notes: Introduces a simile describing the extent of their defilement.
  11. הַנִּדָּה (ha-niddah) – Root: נדד (nadad); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the menstruous woman”; Notes: Refers to ritual impurity associated with menstruation, used metaphorically for moral pollution.
  12. הָיְתָה (hayetah) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “was”; Notes: Indicates the state of their way before YHWH.
  13. דַרְכָּם (darkam) – Root: דרך (derekh); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “their way”; Notes: Refers to their habitual behavior or moral conduct.
  14. לְפָנַי (le-fanai) – Root: פנה (panah); Form: Preposition לְ + plural noun “faces” in construct + suffix 1st person singular; Translation: “before Me”; Notes: Indicates YHWH’s direct observation of their corrupt actions.

 

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