וָאֶשְׁפֹּ֤ךְ חֲמָתִי֙ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם עַל־הַדָּ֖ם אֲשֶׁר־שָׁפְכ֣וּ עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וּבְגִלּוּלֵיהֶ֖ם טִמְּאֽוּהָ׃
And I poured out My wrath upon them, for the blood that they had shed upon the land, and with their idols they defiled it.
Morphology
- וָאֶשְׁפֹּךְ (va-ʾeshpokh) – Root: שׁפך (shafakh); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal imperfect (converted) 1st person singular; Translation: “And I poured out”; Notes: Sequential narrative form describing YHWH’s act of judgment.
- חֲמָתִי (ḥamati) – Root: חמה (ḥemah); Form: Noun feminine singular + suffix 1st person singular; Translation: “My wrath”; Notes: Expresses divine anger in response to sin and bloodshed.
- עֲלֵיהֶם (ʿaleihem) – Root: —; Form: Preposition עַל + pronominal suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “upon them”; Notes: Indicates the recipients of divine judgment—the people of Yisraʾel.
- עַל־הַדָּם (ʿal-ha-dam) – Root: דם (dam); Form: Preposition עַל + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “for the blood”; Notes: The bloodshed committed in the land is the cause of YHWH’s wrath.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: —; Form: Relative particle; Translation: “that” or “which”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause explaining the reason for divine punishment.
- שָׁפְכוּ (shafkhu) – Root: שׁפך (shafakh); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they had shed”; Notes: Refers to acts of violence or bloodshed defiling the land.
- עַל־הָאָרֶץ (ʿal-ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Preposition עַל + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “upon the land”; Notes: The land of Yisraʾel, defiled by the shedding of innocent blood.
- וּבְגִלּוּלֵיהֶם (u-vegilluleihem) – Root: גלל (galal); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition בְּ + noun masculine plural + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and with their idols”; Notes: Refers to abominable idols; the plural suggests habitual idolatrous practice.
- טִמְּאוּהָ (timmeʾuha) – Root: טמא (ṭamaʾ); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine plural + suffix 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “they defiled it”; Notes: Intensive stem showing that their idolatry polluted the land, with “it” referring to the land itself.